“…Spirituality has long been widely discussed in the caregiving professions as it relates to the provision of comprehensive care, and support for people in difficult situations (Bożek et al, 2020 ; Chow et al, 2021 ; Wells-Di et al, 2021 ; Younkin et al, 2021 ). While contemporary medical literature increasingly emphasises the need for a holistic approach to support patients and to recognise their somatic suffering in social, mental, and emotional terms (Muszala, 2017 ; Puchalski et al, 2013 ; Saunders, 1964 ), it is also important to consider the individual’s spirituality (Sulmasy, 2002 ) by using the biopsychosocial–spiritual model of the human being (Balboni et al, 2014 ; Pawlikowski & Dobrowolska, 2016 ).…”