Perceived healthcare discrimination and well-being among older adults in the United States and Brazil

Dixon, Angela R.; Adams, Leslie B.; Ma, Tszshan

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2022.101113

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Our study indicated that 42.8 % of older adults in US experienced perceived discrimination in 2006, which was higher than other studies using the same data from HRS [ 12 , 18 ]. Reasons for this difference are that other studies mainly concentrated on one specific type of perceived discrimination not the whole, or focused on particular older population not the total older population [ 12 , 18 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…These studies were mostly conducted in England and US. Current researches about perceived discrimination and depression among US older adults were mainly about one specific type of perceived discrimination, including perceived age, weight, and healthcare discrimination [ [16] , [17] , [18] ]. For example, one study using data of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) found that perceived weight discrimination was significantly associated with increased risk of depressive symptoms and mediated the prospective association between obesity and depressive symptoms [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Association of perceived discrimination with the risk of depression among US older adults: A prospective population-based cohort study

Wang,

Liao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of perceived discrimination with the risk of depression among US older adults: A prospective population-based cohort study

Wang,

Liao,

Chen

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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“…There are also implicit biases based on sex, race, ethnicity, and caregivers’ perception that negatively affect communication and patient-practitioner interactions. In Brazil, Black individuals report discrimination in health services, including fewer laboratory test requests . Moreover, smoking carries a stigma, and many smokers have a high level of nihilism and lack of knowledge about LCS and its benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer Screening in Brazil Comparing the 2013 and 2021 USPSTF Guidelines

Emmerick,

Campos,

Castanheira

et al. 2023

JAMA Netw Open

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ImportanceIt is estimated that, from 2023 to 2025, lung cancer (LC) will be the second most frequent cancer in Brazil, but the country does not have an LC screening (LCS) policy.ObjectiveTo compare the number of individuals eligible for screening, 5-year preventable LC deaths, and years of life gained (YLG) if LC death is averted by LCS, considering 3 eligibility strategies by sociodemographic characteristics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis comparative effectiveness research study assessed 3 LCS criteria by applying a modified version of the LC-Death Risk Assessment Tool (LCDRAT) and the LC-Risk Assessment Tool (LCRAT). Data are from the 2019 Brazilian National Household Survey. Participants included ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years. Data analysis was performed from February to May 2023.ExposuresExposures included ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2013 guidelines (ever-smokers aged 55 to 80 years with ≥30 pack-years and &lt;15 years since cessation), and USPSTF 2021 guidelines (ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years with 20 pack-years and &lt;15 years since cessation).Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcomes were the numbers of individuals eligible for LCS, the 5-year preventable deaths attributable to LC, and the number of YLGs if death due to LC was averted by LCS.ResultsIn Brazil, the eligible population for LCS was 27 280 920 ever-smokers aged 50 to 80 years (13 387 552 female [49.1%]; 13 249 531 [48.6%] aged 50-60 years; 394 994 Asian or Indigenous [1.4%]; 3 111 676 Black [11.4%]; 10 942 640 Pardo [40.1%]; 12 830 904 White [47.0%]; 12 428 536 [45.6%] with an incomplete middle school education; and 12 860 132 [47.1%] living in the Southeast region); 5 144 322 individuals met the USPSTF 2013 criteria for LCS (2 090 636 female [40.6%]; 2 290 219 [44.5%] aged 61-70 years; 66 430 Asian or Indigenous [1.3%]; 491 527 Black [9.6%]; 2 073 836 Pardo [40.3%]; 2 512 529 [48.8%] White; 2 436 221 [47.4%] with an incomplete middle school education; and 2 577 300 [50.1%] living in the Southeast region), and 8 380 279 individuals met the USPSTF 2021 LCS criteria (3 507 760 female [41.9%]; 4 352 740 [51.9%] aged 50-60 years; 119 925 Asian or Indigenous [1.4%]; 839 171 Black [10.0%]; 3 330 497 Pardo [39.7%]; 4 090 687 [48.8%] White; 4 022 784 [48.0%] with an incomplete middle school education; and 4 162 070 [49.7%] living in the Southeast region). The number needed to screen to prevent 1 death was 177 individuals according to the USPSTF 2013 criteria and 242 individuals according to the USPSTF 2021 criteria. The YLG was 23 for all ever-smokers, 19 for the USPSTF 2013 criteria, and 21 for the USPSTF 2021 criteria. Being Black, having less than a high school education, and living in the North and Northeast regions were associated with increased 5-year risk of LC death.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this comparative effectiveness study, USPSTF 2021 criteria were better than USPSTF 2013 in reducing disparities in LC death rates. Nonetheless, the risk of LC death remained unequal, and these results underscore the importance of identifying an appropriate approach for high-risk populations for LCS, considering the local epidemiological context.

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“…Also Dixon et al, based on the population in the United States and Brazil, observed that age-related discrimination by medical staff perceived by seniors was associated with negative self-assessment of the state of health, diagnosis of depression and depressive symptoms [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%