“…This is in line with the anatomy of this movement, in which initiatives tend to operate in the arena of civil society and involve committed activists who experiment with social innovation, using more environmentally friendly technology and techniques (Seyfang & Longhurst, 2016) and triggered by local interests at a particular time and place (Castro-Arce & Vanclay, 2020). In regard to Civil Society Organizations, there are currently 3,000 nongovernmental organizations in Indonesia (Sparrow & Widyanti, 2010) and are engaged in various fields such as environmental politics (Ardhian, Adiwibowo, & Sri Wahyuni, 2016), empowerment of oil palm farmers (Obie, Yusuf, & Sumai, 2019) and "farmer empowerment" through the strengthening of social capital (belief systems, networks and values) and kinship (Widiara, et.al., 2009). Through collective action, problems can be effectively solved, particularly those found among the poor living in densely populated urban areas or in agricultural systems (Coppock & Desta, 2013).…”