Peptidoglycan-based immunomodulation

Sun, Qingshen; Liu, Xiaoli; Li, Xiuliang

doi:10.1007/s00253-022-11795-4

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…The most common sites of infection are respiratory (40% of cases), genitourinal (15–20%), and abdominal (5–10%), but 6–8% of patients have an unknown site [ 84 , 85 , 314 , 315 , 316 ]. In this section, we will describe how common sepsis-causing bacteria interact with neutrophils and thereby modulate their migration [ 84 , 85 , 214 , 243 , 269 , 317 ]. Most neutrophil studies referred to in this section and the following Section 12 , Section 13 , Section 14 , Section 15 and Section 16 are based on circulating neutrophils; it is stated in the text when cells were derived from other compartments.…”

Section: Important Bacterial Products That Interfere With Neutrophil ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of Staphylococcus aureus on neutrophils, including neutrophil migration, have been extensively studied, and several bacterial molecules can modulate neutrophil migration [ 107 , 318 ]: The chemotaxis inhibitory protein of Staphylococcus aureus (CHIP) can bind and thereby block the extracellular parts of the chemotactic C5a and formylated peptide receptors but without initiation of intracellular signaling [ 319 , 320 , 321 , 322 , 323 , 324 ]; Agonistic ligation of the neutrophil formyl peptide receptor-like-1 stimulates neutrophil migration [ 38 ]. Staphylococcus aureus releases additional proteins that bind to and block this receptor and thereby inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis [ 317 , 324 , 325 ]. Some of these antagonists also block Fcγ receptors [ 107 , 318 ]; The cysteine protease Staphopain A cleaves the N-terminal part of the CXCR2 receptor and thereby inhibits its binding of chemokine ligands [ 326 ]; Selectins are important for the initial steps of neutrophil extravasation, and neutrophils express the P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 [ 22 , 107 , 318 ].…”

Section: Important Bacterial Products That Interfere With Neutrophil ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Agonistic ligation of the neutrophil formyl peptide receptor-like-1 stimulates neutrophil migration [ 38 ]. Staphylococcus aureus releases additional proteins that bind to and block this receptor and thereby inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis [ 317 , 324 , 325 ]. Some of these antagonists also block Fcγ receptors [ 107 , 318 ];…”

Section: Important Bacterial Products That Interfere With Neutrophil ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inhibition of intracellular signaling. PI3K contributes to organ failure in sepsis, and inhibition of this pathway may be a possible strategy for targeting neutrophils and inhibiting neutrophil migration ( Section 13.1 ) [ 217 , 218 , 317 , 442 ]. Furthermore, observations in an animal model of endotoxin-induced inflammation have shown that p38 inhibition suppresses pulmonary neutrophil infiltration [ 442 ].…”

Section: Therapeutic Targeting Of Neutrophils In Sepsis: Tried and Su...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Regulation of Neutrophil Migration in Patients with Sepsis: The Complexity of the Molecular Mechanisms and Their Modulation in Sepsis and the Heterogeneity of Sepsis Patients

Bruserud

Mosevoll

Bruserud

et al. 2023

Cells

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Sepsis is defined as life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. Common causes include gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi. Neutrophils are among the first cells to arrive at an infection site where they function as important effector cells of the innate immune system and as regulators of the host immune response. The regulation of neutrophil migration is therefore important both for the infection-directed host response and for the development of organ dysfunctions in sepsis. Downregulation of CXCR4/CXCL12 stimulates neutrophil migration from the bone marrow. This is followed by transmigration/extravasation across the endothelial cell barrier at the infection site; this process is directed by adhesion molecules and various chemotactic gradients created by chemotactic cytokines, lipid mediators, bacterial peptides, and peptides from damaged cells. These mechanisms of neutrophil migration are modulated by sepsis, leading to reduced neutrophil migration and even reversed migration that contributes to distant organ failure. The sepsis-induced modulation seems to differ between neutrophil subsets. Furthermore, sepsis patients should be regarded as heterogeneous because neutrophil migration will possibly be further modulated by the infecting microorganisms, antimicrobial treatment, patient age/frailty/sex, other diseases (e.g., hematological malignancies and stem cell transplantation), and the metabolic status. The present review describes molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of neutrophil migration; how these mechanisms are altered during sepsis; and how bacteria/fungi, antimicrobial treatment, and aging/frailty/comorbidity influence the regulation of neutrophil migration.

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Section: Important Bacterial Products That Interfere With Neutrophil ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Important Bacterial Products That Interfere With Neutrophil ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Important Bacterial Products That Interfere With Neutrophil ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Therapeutic Targeting Of Neutrophils In Sepsis: Tried and Su...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Regulation of Neutrophil Migration in Patients with Sepsis: The Complexity of the Molecular Mechanisms and Their Modulation in Sepsis and the Heterogeneity of Sepsis Patients

Bruserud

Mosevoll

Bruserud

et al. 2023

Cells

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“…When these microbial products cross the damaged gut barrier and enter the periphery, they chronically stimulate immune cells, which causes ongoing immune activation and inflammation in PWH (24). Despite the prominent focus on microbial translocation of LPS, PGN is also linked to inflammation in the gut and brain (72)(73)(74). Fragments of PGN are released into circulation as byproducts of bacterial cell remodeling and are typically recognized by pattern recognition receptors and other PGN-specific recognition proteins on host immune cells (75)(76)(77).…”

Section: The Central Importance Of Gut-immune Dysfunction In Hiv Path...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Through the Looking-Glass: Psychoneuroimmunology and the Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis in the Modern Antiretroviral Therapy Era

et al. 2022

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Objective: Depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities are common in people with HIV (PWH), but the underlying mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. HIV-induced damage to the gastrointestinal tract potentiates residual immune dysregulation in PWH receiving effective antiretroviral therapy. However, few studies among PWH have examined the relevance of microbiomegut-brain axis: bidirectional crosstalk between the gastrointestinal tract, immune system, and central nervous system. Methods: A narrative review was conducted to integrate findings from 159 articles relevant to psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) and microbiome-gut-brain axis research in PWH. Results: Early PNI studies demonstrated that neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and autonomic nervous system could partially account for the associations of psychological factors with clinical HIV progression. This review highlights the need for PNI studies examining the mechanistic relevance of the gut microbiota for residual immune dysregulation, tryptophan catabolism, and oxytocin release as key biological determinants of neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH (i.e., body-to-mind pathways). It also underscores the continued relevance of neuroendocrine signaling via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and oxytocin release in modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis functioning (i.e., mind-to-body pathways). Conclusions: Advancing our understanding of PNI and microbiome-gut-brain axis pathways relevant to depression, substance use disorders, and other neuropsychiatric comorbidities in PWH can guide the development of novel biobehavioral interventions to optimize health outcomes. Recommendations are provided for biobehavioral and neurobehavioral research investigating bidirectional PNI and microbiomegut-brain axis pathways among PWH in the modern antiretroviral therapy era.

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