Pentoxifylline increases cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Bowton, David L.; Stump, David A.; Prough, Donald S.; Toole, James F.; Lefkowitz, David; Coker, Laura H.

doi:10.1161/01.str.20.12.1662

Cited by 26 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(7 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ability of oral pentoxifylline in standard doses to enhance cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular disease has been demonstrated repeatedly. [55][56][57][58][59][60][61] Preservation of tissues after thrombolytic therapy Influx of activated neutrophils play a key role in the mediation of ischaemia-reperfusion tissue damage. 62 Not surprisingly, pentoxifylline treatment has been reported to lessen such damage in numerous rodent studies, including studies focusing on the heart or brain.…”

Section: Slowing Of Progression Of Vascular Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative that has been used for several decades in the symptomatic management of intermittent claudication. For reasons that remain fairly obscure, this drug benefits blood rheology in a number of complementary ways: decreasing blood and plasma viscosity, lowering plasma fibrinogen while promoting fibrinolysis, and improving blood filterability by enhancing erythrocyte distensibility and lessening neutrophil activation. Anti-inflammatory effects on neutrophils and macrophage/monocytes—some of them attributable to pentoxifylline metabolites—appear to play a mediating role in this regard. Although clinical trials with pentoxifylline have often been too small in size to reach statistically significant findings regarding impacts on hard end points, a review of the existing literature suggests that pentoxifylline may have potential for slowing the progression of atherosclerosis, stabilising plaque, reducing risk for vascular events, improving the outcome of vascular events, dampening the systemic inflammatory response following cardiopulmonary bypass, providing symptomatic benefit in angina and intermittent claudication, enhancing cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular disease while slowing progression of vascular dementia, improving prognosis in congestive heart failure, and aiding diabetes control. This safe and usually well-tolerated drug works in ways quite distinct from other drugs more commonly used for cardiovascular protection, and hence may confer complementary benefit when used in conjunction with them. Major clinical trials of adequate statistical power are now needed to confirm the scope of benefits that pentoxifylline can confer; studies evaluating hard end points in acute coronary syndrome, stroke/transient ischaemic attack and systolic heart failure might be particularly valuable.

show abstract

Section: Slowing Of Progression Of Vascular Dementiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…PTX is a methylxanthine derivative possessing a variety of effects that alleviate microvascular dysfunction (Ward and Clissold, ). These properties include the ability to increase red cell deformability (Bradbury et al., ), attenuate the release of proinflammatory cytokines (Strieter et al., ), block interactions between leukocytes and endothelial cells (Samlaska and Winfield, ), and increase blood flow (Bowton et al., ). Hence, PTX has been preferentially used in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease and intermittent vascular claudication conditions (Ernst, ; Jacoby and Mohler, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pentoxifylline reduces chronic post‐ischaemia pain by alleviating microvascular dysfunction

Ragavendran

Laferrière

Khorashadi

et al. 2013

European Journal of Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background-Microvascular dysfunction and ischemia in muscle play a role in the development of cutaneous tactile allodynia in chronic post-ischemia pain (CPIP). Hence, studies were designed to assess whether pentoxifylline (PTX), a vasodilator and hemorrheologic agent, relieves allodynia in CPIP rats by alleviating microvascular dysfunction.Methods-Laser Doppler flowmetry of plantar blood flow was used to examine the effects of PTX on CPIP-induced alterations in post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (reflecting microvascular dysfunction), and von Frey testing was used to examine its effects on CPIP-induced allodynia. Time course effects of PTX on allodynia and microvascular dysfunction were assessed early (2-8 days) and late (18-25 days) post-ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and its effects on allodynia were also tested at 30 days post-I/R injury.Results-PTX (25 mg/kg) produced significant anti-allodynic effects throughout the 21-day time course, but was not effective 30 days post-IR injury. In laser Doppler studies, the reduced reactive hyperemia in early CPIP rats was significantly improved by PTX (25 mg/kg). Conversely, CIHR Author ManuscriptCIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript treatment with PTX at the same dose did not affect reactive hyperemia in late CPIP rats, likely since reactive hyperemia was not significantly reduced pre-drug in these animals.Conclusion-Since, poor tissue perfusion underlies early stages of CPIP pain, the ameliorative effect of PTX on microvascular dysfunction might account for its anti-allodynic effect in our experimental model of CRPS-I.

show abstract

“…Effect of POF on the circulation and the sequestration of rodent malaria parasites POF, which causes peripheral vasodilatation, decreases blood viscosity and improves RBC deformability, is used for the treatment of peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and a number of other conditions involving defective regional microcirculation (Ward and Clissold 1987;Bowton et al 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in murid Plasmodium desequestration and its modulation by stress and pentoxifylline

Voza¹,

Rénia

Gantier

et al. 2001

Parasitol Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in the parasitaemia and the characteristics of parasitic infection for three species of rodent Plasmodium (P. chabaudi chabaudi, P. vinckei petteri and P. yoelii yoelii) were investigated under conditions of stress and after treatment with pentoxifylline (POF), a drug that increases red blood cell deformability and causes peripheral vasodilatation. The results indicated that under stress, late parasite stages became less abundant in the tail blood of mice. These changes might be the consequence of parasite sequestration. Attempts to assess sequestration intensity were made by measuring the release rate (RR) of late stages for 10,000 red blood cells. The RR is given by the product of the parasitaemia (P) by the percentage of old trophozoites (OT) and schizonts (S) in the peripheral blood: RR = P(%OT + %S) . With all three species, RR decreased considerably within 5 min following the manipulation of the mice. Injections of POF had the opposite effect. POF had a protective effect against infection by P.v. petteri, causing a delay of 48 h in the development of infection and a higher survival rate in treated mice.

show abstract

Pentoxifylline increases cerebral blood flow in patients with cerebrovascular disease.

Cited by 26 publications

References 16 publications

Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature

Pentoxifylline for vascular health: a brief review of the literature

Pentoxifylline reduces chronic post‐ischaemia pain by alleviating microvascular dysfunction

Variation in murid Plasmodium desequestration and its modulation by stress and pentoxifylline

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About