Penicillin Trunk Injection Affects Bacterial Community Structure in Citrus Trees

Ascunce, Marina S.; Shin, Keumchul; Huguet‐Tapia, José C.; Poudel, Ravin; Garrett, Karen A.; Bruggen, A.H.C. van; Goss, Erica M.

doi:10.1007/s00248-018-1302-1

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A significant inhibition of root growth (up to 85%) was also reported in alfalfa plants after root incubation in 0.02 mM oxytetracycline solution [33]. Recently, Ascunce et al [34] also showed that trunk injections of penicillin could affect the bacterial community structure in citrus trees.…”

Section: Stem Versus Root Deliverymentioning

confidence: 74%

Uptake, Translocation, and Stability of Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin in Citrus Plants

et al. 2019

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Huanglongbing (HLB), or citrus greening, is the most destructive disease to the citrus industry. In Florida, it is caused by the bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. Recent studies suggested that antibiotics could inhibit the growth of the CLas pathogen in planta. In the current study, we investigated the uptake and translocation of oxytetracycline and streptomycin in citrus seedlings. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin were delivered via root and stem and their level in various tissues was monitored using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Oxytetracycline and streptomycin were detected in the leaves, xylem, phloem, and root after root drench and stem delivery. High levels of antibiotics were detected in the roots after root drench, whereas high levels of antibiotics were detected in the canopy after stem delivery. The level of oxytetracycline detected in the phloem, xylem, and leaves after root drench was higher than that of streptomycin. Whereas the level of streptomycin in root was higher than that of oxytetracycline, indicating that streptomycin was bound to the xylem tissues. Oxytetracycline and streptomycin were detected in the phloem, xylem, leaves, and root tissues thirty-five days after the root incubation in 200 µg·mL−1 solution. These results demonstrated that oxytetracycline and streptomycin were relatively stable and could inhibit CLas growth for a couple of months in citrus trees. Observations reported in this study regarding the distribution and stability of oxytetracycline and streptomycin in citrus plants could be useful for designing an effective program for the control of HLB disease using antibiotics.

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Section: Stem Versus Root Deliverymentioning

confidence: 74%

Uptake, Translocation, and Stability of Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin in Citrus Plants

et al. 2019

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“…So far, there are no curative methods to control this pathogen; although, scientists have used a few control measures to eliminate or reduce the pathogen growth. Approaches to control HLB include frequent use of antibiotics such as penicillin (Shin et al, 2016;Ascunce et al, 2019;McVay et al, 2019) and oxytetracycline (Blaustein et al, 2018), screening for small molecule inhibitors (Pagliai et al, 2015), combinations of stock and scion (Albrecht et al, 2016), graftbased chemotherapy (Zhang et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2016) and transgenic technology (Hao et al, 2016;Zou et al, 2017), control of psyllid vector (Tomaseto et al, 2019), and, finally, the most extreme measure is chopping off and burning down the diseased trees, which results in polluting environment even more. However, this method may slow down the disease, but with huge losses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defeating Huanglongbing Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus With Indigenous Citrus Endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21

Munir

et al. 2022

Front. Plant Sci.

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Huanglongbing (HLB) has turned into a devastating botanical pandemic of citrus crops, caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas). However, until now the disease has remained incurable with very limited control strategies available. Restoration of the affected microbiomes in the diseased host through the introduction of an indigenous endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21 isolated from healthy citrus may provide an innovative approach for disease management. A novel half-leaf method was developed in vitro to test the efficacy of the endophyte L1-21 against CLas. Application of B. subtilis L1-21 at 104 colony forming unit (cfu ml−1) resulted in a 1,000-fold reduction in the CLas copies per gram of leaf midrib (107 to 104) in 4 days. In HLB-affected citrus orchards over a period of 2 years, the CLas incidence was reduced to < 3%, and CLas copies declined from 109 to 104 g−1 of diseased leaf midribs in the endophyte L1-21 treated trees. Reduction in disease incidence may corroborate a direct or an indirect biocontrol effect of the endophytes as red fluorescent protein-labeled B. subtilis L1-21 colonized and shared niche (phloem) with CLas. This is the first large-scale study for establishing a sustainable HLB control strategy through citrus endophytic microbiome restructuring using an indigenous endophyte.

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“…This malformation could have resulted from the bactericidal effect of penicillin on the endosymbionts of D. citri, which helps insects digest food and provides essential nutrients [23]. A recent report also demonstrated that trunk injections of penicillin could affect the bacterial community structure in the root of citrus trees [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing Penicillin Movement in Citrus Plants Using Fluorescence-Labeled Penicillin

et al. 2019

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Huánglóngbìng (HLB), citrus greening, is one of the most destructive diseases of citrus plants worldwide. In North America, HLB is caused by the phloem-limited bacterium Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and is transmitted by the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri. No cure exists at present, and the use of antibiotics for the control of HLB has gained interest due to the significant losses to the citrus industry. Because of unsatisfactory results when using foliar applications of antibiotics, concerns were raised regarding the uptake and translocation of these materials within trees. We, therefore, investigated a method that allows us to study the movement of antibiotic materials in citrus plants. Herein, we utilized a fluorescence-labeled penicillin, BOCILLIN™ FL-Penicillin (FL-penicillin), to study the uptake and translocation of penicillin in citrus plants. FL-penicillin was applied by puncture to the stem of young citrus seedlings and was traced by using fluorescence microscopy. After application, we detected FL-penicillin in the leaves and in the stem xylem and phloem tissues above and below the application site in both intact and partially bark-girdled citrus seedlings, indicating that it is easily taken up and transported through the plant vascular system. In addition, we detected FL-penicillin in the gut of D. citri, which were allowed to feed on the treated plants, suggesting translocation of this molecule into the vascular tissue. We propose that the use of fluorescent-labeled molecules could be an effective tool for understanding the uptake and translocation of antibiotics and other macromolecules in plants and insects.

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Penicillin Trunk Injection Affects Bacterial Community Structure in Citrus Trees

Cited by 20 publications

References 48 publications

Uptake, Translocation, and Stability of Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin in Citrus Plants

Uptake, Translocation, and Stability of Oxytetracycline and Streptomycin in Citrus Plants

Defeating Huanglongbing Pathogen Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus With Indigenous Citrus Endophyte Bacillus subtilis L1-21

Tracing Penicillin Movement in Citrus Plants Using Fluorescence-Labeled Penicillin

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