Pengelolaan Hara Terpadu pada Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan sebagai Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Beras Nasional

Abstract

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong>. Beras merupakan makanan pokok bagi bangsa Indonesia dan strategis bagi keamanan pangan nasional. Produksi beras dapat ditingkatkan melalui ektensifikasi lahan, peningkatan mutu intensifikasi dan indeks pertanaman padi. Lahan sawah tadah hujan berpotensi besar untuk menjadi lahan pertanian produktif jika tingkat kesuburan tanahnya ditingkatkan melalui penerapkan pemupukan berimbang sesuai karakteristik tanahnya. Lahan sawah non irigasi seluas 3,30 juta ha, salah satunya adalah sawah tadah hujan. Pengembangan lahan sawah tadah hujan menjadi sangat relavan dengan peningkatan kebutuhan pangan nasional. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menelaah pengelolaan lahan sawah tadah hujan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi nasional. Faktor pembatas yang sering dihadapi antara lain ketersediaan air hujan yang sulit diprediksi serta kesuburan tanah yang rendah akibat kandungan C-organik dan N-total yang rendah. Kegagalan panen dapat terjadi akibat akibat kekurangan air pada awal tanam musim hujan maupun saat menjelang panen pada musim kedua. Perbaikannya dapat dilakukan dengan tanam gogo rancah pada musim tanam pertama, dan sistem culik pada musim tanam ke dua. Pemberian bahan pembenah tanah seperti kompos jerami, pupuk kandang, <em>biochar</em> dan kapur pertanian/dolomit terutama untuk tanah yang bereaksi masam ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah sebelum dilakukan pemupukan. Teknologi pemupukan berimbang yang dapat diterapkan pada lahan sawah tadah hujan, antara lain Urea 250-300 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, SP-36 50-75 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, dan KCl 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, pemberian bahan organik minimal 2 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, serta pengembalian jerami sisa hasil panen ke dalam tanah. Pemupukan berimbang dapat meningkatkan hasil padi dari 1,8-3,5 t ha<sup>-1 </sup>menjadi 5,0-5,8 t ha<sup>-1</sup>.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong>. Rice is a staple food for the Indonesian people and a strategic comodity for national food security. Rice production can be increased through land extensification, improved quality of intensification and rice cropping index. Rainfed lowland rice fields could be very potentially productive for agriculture when the level of soil fertility is improved by applying balanced fertilization that based on the soil characteristics. Non-irrigated rice field area is 3.30 million ha, including the rainfed rice fields. The development of rainfed rice fields is very relevant to the increasing national food needs. The goal of this paper is to examine the management of rainfed lowland rice fields to increase the national rice production. Some of the limiting factors are the unpredictable rainwater availability and low soil fertility due to low C-organic and N-total content. Harvesting failures could be caused by water stress at the beginning of the planting stage in the rainy season or just before harvesting in the second season. This could be prevented by planting upland scaffolding in the first planting season, and the kidnap system in the second growing season. The application of soil enhancers is intended to increase soil fertility before fertilizer application, such as straw compost, manure, biochar and agricultural lime or dolomite especially for acidic soils. Balanced fertilization technology that can be applied to rainfed lowland rice fields are Urea 250-300 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, SP-36 50-75 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, and KCl 50 kg ha<sup>-1</sup>, providing organic material at least 2 t ha<sup>-1</sup>, and the return of the remaining crop straw to the ground. Balanced fertilization can increase rice yield from 1.8-3.5 t ha<sup>-1</sup> to 5.0-5.8 t ha<sup>-1</sup>.</p>

A study of integrated cattle-rice farming in rainfed fields in Jambi, Indonesia

“…In addition, farmers who run rice farming businesses use solid organic fertilizers as an effort to cultivate environmentally friendly rice [10]. In rainfed land, solid organic fertilizer is an important component [11] including reducing the use of chemical fertilizers [12]. Organic fertilizers can increase the number of bacteria needed by the soil for plant growth and production [13].…”

Analisis Status N, P, K, KTK Dan C-Organik Pada Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Di Desa Lalowiu Kecamatan Konda Kabupaten Konawe Selatan

“…Menurut Kasno et al (2020), pengelolaan hara terpadu pada lahan sawah tadah hujan dimulai dari perbaikan tanah dengan menggunakan bahan pembaik tanah. Bahan pembaik tanah yang tersedia dekat sawah adalah Jerami padi yang dapat digunakan langsung atau dikomposkan terlebih dahulu.…”

Land Suitability and Direction of Strategic Agricultural Commodities in East Kalimantan to Support the Development of the New Nation’s Capital of Republic of Indonesia

“…The use of high yield potential rice varieties that are resistant to pests and diseases, and the anticipation of drought, are expected to have a positive effect on crop yields. According to Kasno et al (2020), in rainfed paddy fields, integrated land management should be applied to increase rice yields. It is included water management, improving soil fertility through the provision of soil amendments, prevention of pests and diseases, crop rotation, management of soil organic matter, and fertilization that carried out in accordance with soil characteristics and crop needs.…”