Penetration of Penicillin Into the Eye

Topical delivery of ocular therapeutics: carrier systems and physical methods

“…Ocular iontophoresis was performed for the first time in 1908 by Wirtz, who studied the topical delivery of zinc salts for the treatment of corneal ulcers. Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus .…”

“…Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus . Since these studies, there have been many reports showing the application of iontophoresis to improve drug delivery through both the cornea and sclera, including improvement of the penetration of macromolecules .…”

Topical delivery of ocular therapeutics: carrier systems and physical methods

“…Ocular iontophoresis was performed for the first time in 1908 by Wirtz, who studied the topical delivery of zinc salts for the treatment of corneal ulcers. Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus .…”

“…Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus . Since these studies, there have been many reports showing the application of iontophoresis to improve drug delivery through both the cornea and sclera, including improvement of the penetration of macromolecules .…”

Modeling intraocular bacterial infections

“…Von Sallman used this model to examine the usefulness of topical penicillin in the treatment of S. pneumoniae endophthalmitis (1943) and pioneered the technique of intravitreal injection of antibiotics for treating S. aureus endophthalmitis (1944a, 1944b). Maylath and Leopold (1955) used rabbits to develop a method for sampling ocular fluids to identify pathogens and determine antibiotic sensitivity.…”

“…Following experiments in the rabbit endophthalmitis model, von Sallmann and Meyer (1944a) suggested that systemic antibiotics should be used for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. However, the antibiotics available at the time (penicillin and streptomycin) did not penetrate into the eye from the bloodstream in therapeutically beneficial concentrations (Leopold, 1945; Leopold and Nichols, 1946; von Sallmann, 1947).…”

“…As discussed earlier, von Sallmann and Meyer were the first to test systemic antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit (1944a). However, poor results led to the testing of the intravitreal injection technique with penicillin as a treatment for bacterial endophthalmitis (von Sallmann et al, 1944b).…”

Topical delivery of ocular therapeutics: carrier systems and physical methods

“…Ocular iontophoresis was performed for the first time in 1908 by Wirtz, who studied the topical delivery of zinc salts for the treatment of corneal ulcers. Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus .…”

“…Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus . Since these studies, there have been many reports showing the application of iontophoresis to improve drug delivery through both the cornea and sclera, including improvement of the penetration of macromolecules .…”

Modeling intraocular bacterial infections

“…Von Sallman used this model to examine the usefulness of topical penicillin in the treatment of S. pneumoniae endophthalmitis (1943) and pioneered the technique of intravitreal injection of antibiotics for treating S. aureus endophthalmitis (1944a, 1944b). Maylath and Leopold (1955) used rabbits to develop a method for sampling ocular fluids to identify pathogens and determine antibiotic sensitivity.…”

“…Following experiments in the rabbit endophthalmitis model, von Sallmann and Meyer (1944a) suggested that systemic antibiotics should be used for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. However, the antibiotics available at the time (penicillin and streptomycin) did not penetrate into the eye from the bloodstream in therapeutically beneficial concentrations (Leopold, 1945; Leopold and Nichols, 1946; von Sallmann, 1947).…”

“…As discussed earlier, von Sallmann and Meyer were the first to test systemic antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit (1944a). However, poor results led to the testing of the intravitreal injection technique with penicillin as a treatment for bacterial endophthalmitis (von Sallmann et al, 1944b).…”

Topical delivery of ocular therapeutics: carrier systems and physical methods

“…Ocular iontophoresis was performed for the first time in 1908 by Wirtz, who studied the topical delivery of zinc salts for the treatment of corneal ulcers. Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus .…”

“…Subsequently, some of the more relevant reports studied the penetration of penicillin into the aqueous humour . Iontophoresis was shown to increase the concentration of penicillin in the aqueous humour compared with subconjunctival injections and provided satisfactory results when treating intraocular infections induced by staphylococcus . Since these studies, there have been many reports showing the application of iontophoresis to improve drug delivery through both the cornea and sclera, including improvement of the penetration of macromolecules .…”

Modeling intraocular bacterial infections

“…Von Sallman used this model to examine the usefulness of topical penicillin in the treatment of S. pneumoniae endophthalmitis (1943) and pioneered the technique of intravitreal injection of antibiotics for treating S. aureus endophthalmitis (1944a, 1944b). Maylath and Leopold (1955) used rabbits to develop a method for sampling ocular fluids to identify pathogens and determine antibiotic sensitivity.…”

“…Following experiments in the rabbit endophthalmitis model, von Sallmann and Meyer (1944a) suggested that systemic antibiotics should be used for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis. However, the antibiotics available at the time (penicillin and streptomycin) did not penetrate into the eye from the bloodstream in therapeutically beneficial concentrations (Leopold, 1945; Leopold and Nichols, 1946; von Sallmann, 1947).…”

“…As discussed earlier, von Sallmann and Meyer were the first to test systemic antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial endophthalmitis in the rabbit (1944a). However, poor results led to the testing of the intravitreal injection technique with penicillin as a treatment for bacterial endophthalmitis (von Sallmann et al, 1944b).…”