Peering vs. transit: Performance comparison of peering and transit interconnections

Ahmed, Azeemuddin; Shafiq, Zubair; Bedi, Harkeerat; Khakpour, Amir R.

doi:10.1109/icnp.2017.8117549

Cited by 25 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…This suggests that while their median RTT increased, the new announcements provided a shorter AS path via a different provider. Previous work has found that peering links outperform their transit counterparts in many cases [5]. Our findings here do not necessarily contradict this, but serve as an indicator that managing the inbound paths to a network is a different issue than overall or egress performance.…”

Section: Performance Impactssupporting

confidence: 70%

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Taming Anycast in the Wild Internet

McQuistin

Uppu

Flores

2019

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference

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Anycast is a popular tool for deploying global, widely available systems, including DNS infrastructure and content delivery networks (CDNs). The optimization of these networks often focuses on the deployment and management of anycast sites. However, such approaches fail to consider one of the primary configurations of a large anycast network: the set of networks that receive anycast announcements at each site (i.e., an announcement configuration). Altering these configurations, even without the deployment of additional sites, can have profound impacts on both anycast site selection and round-trip times. In this study, we explore the operation and optimization of anycast networks through the lens of deployments that have a large number of upstream service providers. We demonstrate that these many-provider anycast networks exhibit fundamentally different properties when interacting with the Internet, having a greater number of single AS hop paths and reduced dependency on each provider, compared with few-provider networks. We further examine the impact of announcement configuration changes, demonstrating that in nearly 30% of vantage point groups, round-trip time performance can be improved by more than 25%, solely by manipulating which providers receive anycast announcements. Finally, we propose DailyCatch, an empirical measurement methodology for testing and validating announcement configuration changes, and demonstrate its ability to influence user-experienced performance on a global anycast CDN.

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Section: Performance Impactssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…There has been a significant body of work exploring the economic and performance trade-offs of Internet connectivity [5,37]. Others have examined the increasing flatness of the Internet topology [13,20,22,26,35].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taming Anycast in the Wild Internet

McQuistin

Uppu

Flores

2019

Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference

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“…IXPs were originally created to locally interconnect ASes at layer-2 (L2), and keep local traffic local [39]. Under this model, networks peer at IXPs to directly connect with each other and avoid connections through third parties, and thus reduce costs, improve performance (e.g., lower latency), and better control the exchanged traffic [26,67]. However, the ever-increasing traffic flowing at the edge of the Internet, creates pressure for denser and more diverse peering that challenges the traditional IXP model.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

O Peer, Where Art Thou? Uncovering Remote Peering Interconnections at IXPs

Giotsas

Nomikos

Kotronis

et al. 2021

IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking

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Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) are Internet hubs that mainly provide the switching infrastructure to interconnect networks and exchange traffic. While the initial goal of IXPs was to bring together networks residing in the same city or country, and thus keep local traffic local, this model is gradually shifting. Many networks connect to IXPs without having physical presence at their switching infrastructure. This practice, called Remote Peering, is changing the Internet topology and economy, and has become the subject of a contentious debate within the network operators' community. However, despite the increasing attention it attracts, the understanding of the characteristics and impact of remote peering is limited. In this work, we introduce and validate a heuristic methodology for discovering remote peers at IXPs. We (i) identify critical remote peering inference challenges, (ii) infer remote peers with high accuracy (>95%) and coverage (93%) per IXP, and (iii) characterize different aspects of the remote peering ecosystem by applying our methodology to 30 large IXPs. We observe that remote peering is a significantly common practice in all the studied IXPs; for the largest IXPs, remote peers account for 40% of their member base. We also show that today, IXP growth is mainly driven by remote peering, which contributes two times more than local peering.

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“…IXPs enable Autonomous Systems (ASes) to reach hundreds of other networks [2] directly. By increasing connectivity, IXPs contribute to improving the quality of Internet traffic delivery with lower latency and higher throughput [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynam-IX

Marcos

Chiesa

Müller

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies

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Autonomous Systems (ASes) can reach hundreds of networks via Internet eXchange Points (IXPs), allowing improvements in traffic delivery performance and competitiveness. Despite the benefits, any pair of ASes needs first to agree on exchanging traffic. By surveying 100+ network operators, we discovered that most interconnection agreements are established through ad-hoc and lengthy processes heavily influenced by personal relationships and brand image. As such, ASes prefer long-term agreements at the expense of a potential mismatch between actual delivery performance and current traffic dynamics. ASes also miss interconnection opportunities due to trust reasons. To improve wide-area traffic delivery performance, we propose Dynam-IX, a framework that allows operators to build trust cooperatively and implement traffic engineering policies to exploit the rich interconnection opportunities at IXPs quickly. Dynam-IX offers a protocol to automate the interconnection process, an intent abstraction to express interconnection policies, a legal framework to digitally handle contracts, and a distributed tamper-proof ledger to create trust among ASes. We build and evaluate a Dynam-IX prototype and show that an AS can establish tens of agreements per minute with negligible overhead for ASes and IXPs.

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Peering vs. transit: Performance comparison of peering and transit interconnections

Cited by 25 publications

References 27 publications

Taming Anycast in the Wild Internet

Taming Anycast in the Wild Internet

O Peer, Where Art Thou? Uncovering Remote Peering Interconnections at IXPs

Dynam-IX

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