Pediatric orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era

Sharma, Abhishek; Liu, Eugene S.; Le, Tran; Adatia, Feisal A.; Buncic, J. Raymond; Blaser, Susan; Richardson, Susan E.

doi:10.1016/j.jaapos.2015.02.004

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Before the 1992 introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae serotype b vaccine (Hib) in the UK, this organism was the leading cause of orbital cellulitis in children (Sharma et al 2014). Since introduction of the vaccine, however, there has been a rise in the frequency of infections caused by Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species (Sharma et al 2015). Migrant children who might not have been immunised, and those born in the UK but who are not fully immunised, are still at increased risk of Hib infection.…”

Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Blood tests including full blood count and C-reactive protein are often performed, and although they may be of limited diagnostic value, they can be useful for monitoring patients' progress. Blood cultures and eye swabs can be taken, but seldom yield microbiologically diagnostic results (Seltz et al 2011, Sharma et al 2015.…”

Section: History and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Canadian study(Sharma et al 2015) of 149 patients aged less than 18 found that 101 (mean age seven years, 75% males) had true orbital cellulitis. Thirty of these patients required surgical drainage, and abscess fluid was analysed for microbiological confirmation yielding 18 positive results.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis, management and treatment of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in children

et al. 2016

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Children with red swollen eyes frequently present to emergency departments. Some patients will have orbital cellulitis, a condition that requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. Orbital cellulitis can be confused with the less severe, but more frequently encountered, periorbital cellulitis, which requires less aggressive management. Delayed recognition of the signs and symptoms of orbital cellulitis can lead to serious complications such as blindness, meningitis and cerebral abscess. This article describes the clinical features, epidemiology and outcomes of the condition, and discusses management and treatment. It also includes a case study.

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Section: Epidemiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: History and Examinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diagnosis, management and treatment of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in children

et al. 2016

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“…In our study 93% were vaccinated against HIb (vaccine present in morocco since 2007), only one case of HIb was isolated. This joined the literature's data that claims a drastic drop of the HIb incidence in periorbital cellulitis in children after vaccination against HIb [15,16]. This was also reported regarding the decrease in the incidence of pneumococcus after the introduction of anti-pneumococcal vaccination [17].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Management of Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis at the Pediatric Emergency Department

Lahmini

Bourrous

2020

Preprint

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Background : Orbital cellulitis is a diagnostic and therapeutic emergency, jeopardizing the vital and functional prognosis. This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological, therapeutic and evolutional aspects of orbital cellulitis cases treated at the pediatric emergency unit. Patients and methods: retrospective study including all the children aged between 1 month and 15 years treated for orbital cellulitis at the pediatric emergency unit of the Mohamed VI University Hospital of Marrakech over a period of 9 years (1st January 2010-31st December 2018). Results: 129 cases of orbital cellulitis were gathered. Age varied between 1 month and 15 years with a median of age of 4.3 years. Feminine predominance (54%) was noted (sex ratio of 0.84). Preseptal cellulitis had the lead with 101 cases (78.2%). It mainly breaks through sinuses (24%). Fever was present in 101 patients (78.2%). Palpebral edema was constant. Exophthalmia was noted in 18 patients (13.9%), chemosis in 29 cases (22.4%) while ptosis was found in one patient. Bacteriological study conducted in 12 cases was positive in 7 cases. An orbital CT scan was performed in all cases of our study, showing preseptal cellulitis in 101 patients (78.2%), orbital cellulitis in 11 cases (8.5%), subperiosteal abscess in 15 cases (11.6%) and orbital abscess in 2 cases (1.5%). The medical treatment consisted of ceftriaxone, metronidazole and aminoside or amoxicilline clavulanic acid. Surgical treatment was indicated in 8 patients : 3 cases of orbital abscess, 2 cases of periosteal abscess, and 3 cases of abscessed collection of the soft tissues. The evolution was beneficial in all our patients. Conclusion: The majority of our cases had a positive evolution highlighting the advantage of an early diagnosis, and adapted antibiotic and a multidisciplinary patient care making the need for surgery rarely necessary.

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“…3,5,7,19 The authors of previous studies have reported that the rates of blood culture positivity among children with orbital cellulitis range from 2.27% to 7%. 5,[19][20][21][22] However, studies have revealed that rates of blood culture contamination among pediatric patients range from 1% to 4%, [23][24][25] making it difficult to develop a universal recommendation for obtaining a blood culture in the setting of low likelihood of positivity in patients with orbital cellulitis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Care and Clinical Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Orbital Cellulitis

Markham¹,

Hall

Bettenhausen³

et al. 2018

Hospital Pediatrics

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Pediatric orbital cellulitis in the Haemophilus influenzae vaccine era

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

Diagnosis, management and treatment of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in children

Diagnosis, management and treatment of orbital and periorbital cellulitis in children

Management of Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis at the Pediatric Emergency Department

Variation in Care and Clinical Outcomes in Children Hospitalized With Orbital Cellulitis

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