Pediatric neurocysticercosis: current challenges and future prospects

Singhi, Pratibha; Saini, Arushi Gahlot

doi:10.2147/phmt.s79058

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 125 publications

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“…The parasite identifies human as an intermediate host and they will be carried in the systemic circulation which lead the migration of the parasite into the various internal organs, including the central nervous system. [3,8,20,21] In this patient, we discovered that she had a history of eating pork in the rural area of Central Sumba. It is known that the method most people used to eat pork is not fully cooked, along with poor sanitation and hygiene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…[3,5,10,16] In addition, there were researches which discovered that focal seizure without generalization as the most common type of the seizure which caused by NCC. [17,21] Furthermore, some researches have also proven that NCC as the etiology of late-onset epilepsy among pediatrics population, [18,19] especially at the endemic regions which has been known that the parasitic infection was still high, like Southeast Asia. [3,21] The classic life cycle of T.solium consist of two types of host, human, as a definitive host and swine as an intermediate host.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17,21] Furthermore, some researches have also proven that NCC as the etiology of late-onset epilepsy among pediatrics population, [18,19] especially at the endemic regions which has been known that the parasitic infection was still high, like Southeast Asia. [3,21] The classic life cycle of T.solium consist of two types of host, human, as a definitive host and swine as an intermediate host. Individuals who consume undercooked pork meat, containing cysticerci will allow larvae to grow into adult tapeworm in the human's intestine (taeniasis).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report

Hotomo¹,

Theodorus²,

Veriswan³

2021

AJP

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in humans caused by encysted pork tapeworm larvae, namely Taenia solium. NCC has been discovered to be the most common etiology of focal seizure among the pediatric population. The severe CNS sequelae by NCC might cause to poor quality of life, eventually lead to sudden death. In this study, we report a case of NCC in a fifteen-year-old girl. Case illustration: a fifteen-year-old girl suddenly experienced a focal seizure of the right hand, along with a decreased of consciousness. The duration of the seizure was less than five minutes. It recurred for three times since ten hours before admission to hospital. She admitted that it was the first unprovoked seizure in her life. There was no record of fever and cough. She had a history of eating pork in the rural region of Sumba Island. Physical examination demonstrated GCS E3V4M5, normal findings of general and neurological status. Computed Tomography (CT) scan with contrast revealed a hypodense calcified lesion appended by a cyst with a dot sign, located at the grey-white matter junction at left parietal region. These findings supported colloidal vesicular stage of NCC. The diagnosis of this patient was neurocysticercosis. Therefore, she was given albendazole 400mg bid and valproic acid (15mg/kg/day) for a month, and intravenous dexamethasone (1mg/kg) with a maximum dose of 12 mg qid. After a month of treatment, she did not either have any seizure or other complaints. CT scan evaluation demonstrated a radiological improvement. Summary: NCC is identified as one of the commonest causes of epilepsy and seizure. The combination between antiparasitic with another supportive therapy gives comprehensive treatment of NCC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report

Hotomo¹,

Theodorus²,

Veriswan³

2021

AJP

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“…NCC is a disease perpetuated by poor hygiene and inadequate sanitation; it is entirely preventable and potentially eradicable [ 29 ]. Risk factors for T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time trend of neurocysticercosis in children with seizures in a tertiary hospital of western Nepal

et al. 2017

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IntroductionNeurocysticercosis is a common cause of seizure disorders in children of Western Nepal. The clinical presentation is variable. The incidence varies depending on the food habits and ethnicity of the population. The present study was undertaken with the objective of studying the mode of presentation, radiological findings and to determine the recent trend of the disease in children of Western Nepal.MethodsRecords from the Department of Pediatrics, Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal of children aged 0–17 years admitted from 2003 to 2015 and with the discharge diagnosis of seizure and neurocysticercosis (NCC) were reviewed. The diagnosis was primarily based on clinical features, neurological involvement and CT and MRI studies. Seizures due to other CNS pathologies were excluded. Patients with NCC were treated with Albendazole15mg/kg/day for 28 days with supportive treatments for seizures and raised intracranial pressure. Patients were followed up for one year after the completion of the treatment.ResultsThere were 1355 cases of seizure disorders, out of which 229 (16.90%) were NCC. There were 99 (43.23%) in the age group 6–10 years followed by 91 (41.09%) in the age group of 11–15 years. Seizures were the most common presenting symptom in 88.65%, followed by raised ICP in 9.61%. Neuropsychiatric changes were noted in 38 cases (16.59%). CT scan findings revealed single lesion in 78.16% and multiple lesions in 21.83%. Poisson regression analysis showed statistically significant decline of year-wise incidence of NCC cases (p<0.05) from 2003 to 2015.ConclusionThe decline in the incidence of NCC in recent years is most probably attributed to improved hygiene with the construction of household toilets to avoid open defecation and biannual deworming with Albendazole as a part of School Health and Nutrition Project.

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“…NCC is common in the communities with poor hygiene and sanitation where untreated human faeces are used in the field/garden as fertilizer. Vegetarians might get infected by eating raw vegetables contaminated with ova or proglottids of Taenia solium whereas nonvegetarians may get infected after eating improperly cooked pork meat [ 5 ]. This study was thus conducted to study the prevalence, the clinical profile, and the radiological findings of NCC in children presenting with seizures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocysticercosis in Children with Seizures: A Cross-Sectional Study

Gupta

Chaudhary

Pathak

et al. 2018

International Journal of Pediatrics

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Background Neurocysticercosis (NCC), a common cause of seizures in children from low and middle income countries (LMICs), if not diagnosed and treated early enough may lead to considerable morbidity and mortality. There is a lack of data on the prevalence of NCC and its clinical characteristics among those with seizure in South-Western Nepal. Aims and Objectives To study the prevalence and clinical characteristics of NCC in children with seizures. Material and MethodsAll children admitted to Universal College of Medical Sciences, a tertiary hospital in South-Western Nepal with seizures during 2014–16, were tested for NCC. NCC was diagnosed by neuroimaging [computerized tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)]. We used logistic regression to test the association between NCC with participants' characteristics and clinical symptoms. Results Among 4962 in-patient children, 168 (104 boys and 64 girls) had seizures (138 with generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) and 30 with focal seizures). 43% of children with seizures had CT scan confirmed NCC. The prevalence of NCC in the oldest children (13–16 years) was significantly greater (57.1% versus 15.6%) compared to the youngest (0–4 years) one (p < 0.001). Among 72 children with NCC, the proportions of children with vesicular, calcified, and colloidal stages were 76% (n = 35), 18% (n = 13), and 6% (n = 2), respectively. Children with focal seizures had 13% more NCC compared to those with GTCS but the result was statistically not significant. The adjusted odds of having NCC among 5–8 years, 9–12 years, and 13–16 years children were 6.6 (1.78–24.60), 11.06 (2.74–44.60), and 14.47 (3.13–66.96), respectively, compared to 0–4-year-old children. Reoccurrence of seizures within the first 3 months of taking antiepileptic drug in those with NCC was approximately 3 times higher compared to those without NCC (11% versus 4%, p = 0.084). Conclusions This study shows that NCC contributes significantly to higher prevalence of seizures in children in South-Western region of Nepal.

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Pediatric neurocysticercosis: current challenges and future prospects

Cited by 14 publications

References 125 publications

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report

Neurocysticercosis (NCC) in 15-Year-Old Girl, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia: A Case Report

Time trend of neurocysticercosis in children with seizures in a tertiary hospital of western Nepal

Neurocysticercosis in Children with Seizures: A Cross-Sectional Study

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