Pediatric cough: what the otolaryngologist needs to know

Abstract

The treatment of chronic cough in a pediatric population should be approached from a multidisciplinary team consisting of pulmonologists, gastroenterologists, allergists, immunologists and otolaryngologists. Once a specific diagnosis is determined, treatment should be specific to that diagnosis.

Significance of Extra-Esophageal Symptoms in Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

“…[16][17][18] The limitations of diagnosing GERD solely based on patient symptoms, without the 24-hour esophageal pH testing, remain a major hindrance in achieving a timely diagnosis and subsequent symptom control. 19 In addition, many GERD patients present with atypical symptoms. 20 Most frequently, respiratory symptoms are present but difficult to describe objectively.…”

Significance of Extra-Esophageal Symptoms in Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

“…[16][17][18] The limitations of diagnosing GERD solely based on patient symptoms, without the 24-hour esophageal pH testing, remain a major hindrance in achieving a timely diagnosis and subsequent symptom control. 19 In addition, many GERD patients present with atypical symptoms. 20 Most frequently, respiratory symptoms are present but difficult to describe objectively.…”

Clinical features and diagnostic reliability in paediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux

“…Controversial issues are numerous, encompassing clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, interpretation of findings and treatment. Determining the relationship between PLPR and local laryngeal and pharyngeal findings can be a complex task, even more so considering limited reliability of diagnosis based on local findings [7,8,9,10,11]. Even when the diagnosis of PLPR is based on 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring results, it may still be inaccurate since its sensitivity is low and the incidence of false-negative results is as high as 25-50% [10].…”

“…Even when the diagnosis of PLPR is based on 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring results, it may still be inaccurate since its sensitivity is low and the incidence of false-negative results is as high as 25-50% [10]. The limitations of diagnosing the disease based on isolated patient symptoms accompanied solely by pH testing have prompted investigators to quantify laryngeal findings attributed to reflux [11]. The distinction between GERD and PLPR is based on their pathophysiology, symptoms and sequelae, with a majority of PLPR presenting with atypical GERD symptoms [12].…”

Pediatric Cough

“…It is secondary to viral infections from rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza, or respiratory syncytial virus. [9] Children in virus-induced cough often presents with associated symptoms such as running nose, blocked nose, and cough. It lasts for 3-4 weeks.…”

Significance of Extra-Esophageal Symptoms in Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

“…[16][17][18] The limitations of diagnosing GERD solely based on patient symptoms, without the 24-hour esophageal pH testing, remain a major hindrance in achieving a timely diagnosis and subsequent symptom control. 19 In addition, many GERD patients present with atypical symptoms. 20 Most frequently, respiratory symptoms are present but difficult to describe objectively.…”

Clinical features and diagnostic reliability in paediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux

“…Controversial issues are numerous, encompassing clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, interpretation of findings and treatment. Determining the relationship between PLPR and local laryngeal and pharyngeal findings can be a complex task, even more so considering limited reliability of diagnosis based on local findings [7,8,9,10,11]. Even when the diagnosis of PLPR is based on 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring results, it may still be inaccurate since its sensitivity is low and the incidence of false-negative results is as high as 25-50% [10].…”

“…Even when the diagnosis of PLPR is based on 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring results, it may still be inaccurate since its sensitivity is low and the incidence of false-negative results is as high as 25-50% [10]. The limitations of diagnosing the disease based on isolated patient symptoms accompanied solely by pH testing have prompted investigators to quantify laryngeal findings attributed to reflux [11]. The distinction between GERD and PLPR is based on their pathophysiology, symptoms and sequelae, with a majority of PLPR presenting with atypical GERD symptoms [12].…”

Pediatric Cough

“…It is secondary to viral infections from rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza, or respiratory syncytial virus. [9] Children in virus-induced cough often presents with associated symptoms such as running nose, blocked nose, and cough. It lasts for 3-4 weeks.…”

Significance of Extra-Esophageal Symptoms in Pediatric Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

“…[16][17][18] The limitations of diagnosing GERD solely based on patient symptoms, without the 24-hour esophageal pH testing, remain a major hindrance in achieving a timely diagnosis and subsequent symptom control. 19 In addition, many GERD patients present with atypical symptoms. 20 Most frequently, respiratory symptoms are present but difficult to describe objectively.…”

Clinical features and diagnostic reliability in paediatric laryngopharyngeal reflux

“…Controversial issues are numerous, encompassing clinical manifestations, diagnostic testing, interpretation of findings and treatment. Determining the relationship between PLPR and local laryngeal and pharyngeal findings can be a complex task, even more so considering limited reliability of diagnosis based on local findings [7,8,9,10,11]. Even when the diagnosis of PLPR is based on 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring results, it may still be inaccurate since its sensitivity is low and the incidence of false-negative results is as high as 25-50% [10].…”

“…Even when the diagnosis of PLPR is based on 24-hour dual-probe pH monitoring results, it may still be inaccurate since its sensitivity is low and the incidence of false-negative results is as high as 25-50% [10]. The limitations of diagnosing the disease based on isolated patient symptoms accompanied solely by pH testing have prompted investigators to quantify laryngeal findings attributed to reflux [11]. The distinction between GERD and PLPR is based on their pathophysiology, symptoms and sequelae, with a majority of PLPR presenting with atypical GERD symptoms [12].…”

Pediatric Cough

“…It is secondary to viral infections from rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus, influenza A and B, parainfluenza, or respiratory syncytial virus. [9] Children in virus-induced cough often presents with associated symptoms such as running nose, blocked nose, and cough. It lasts for 3-4 weeks.…”