Pediatric bone tumors

Abstract

Although osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are quite rare, they are the only primary skeletal malignancies that occur with any regularity in children. The evaluation, diagnosis, and management of skeletal neoplasia are reviewed using these two diseases as the focus of discussion. Radiographic imaging, biopsy approaches, diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic management are explained. Demographics and pathophysiology of osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma are explored in more depth.

Applications of Novel Blood Tests of Osteosarcoma Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Pediatric Patients

“…Over the last 10 years in the literature several tumor markers of pediatric osteosarcoma have been described (Yaw, 1999). Contemporary monitoring of pediatric osteosarcoma patients involves a study of serological tumor-associated markers.…”

Ewing’s Sarcoma of the Humerus in a Three year-old boy Requiring Radical En-Bloc resection and Total Humeral Expandable Prosthetic Replacement: A Case Report

“…Since the proximal humerusphysis contributes to approximately 80% of the total growth of the humerus, resection of the proximalphysis prevents that growth, effectively leading to a limb length inequality [7] In this case, since the entire humerus ( both proximal and distal physes) had to be resected, there would be no possibility for any ongoinghumeral growth. In the upper extremity however, maintenance of fine motor function is paramount in importance as compared to limb length, making inequality more of an issue cosmetically [18]. Tumor excision may include the rotator cuff and/or deltoid muscle, resulting in poor function of the salvaged shoulder.…”

Function and quality-of-life of survivors of pelvic and lower extremity osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma: the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

“…the use of radiation, arthrodesis, endoprosthesis, allograft bone, etc.). The decision to perform a limb-sparing surgery is based on the ability to achieve an equivalent oncologic result and a comparable or better functional result compared to amputation (Yaw, 1999). Amputation was standard treatment prior to the development of radiological and surgical techniques that have made limb-sparing surgery the more frequent treatment choice (Provisor et al, 1997; Bacci et al, 1998;Bielack et al, 2002).…”