Pedestrian safety at roundabouts: Their crossing and glance behavior in the interaction with vehicular traffic

Gruden, Chiara; Otković, Irena Ištoka; Šraml, Matjaž

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106290

Cited by 20 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In order to answer these research questions, an eye-tracking study was conducted. The method used to collect, elaborate and analyse the data was based on the approach developed in [10,25], which was adapted to the needs of this research and is described in detail in the following subsections. Figure 3 schematically summarises the main steps of the methodology.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Preliminary Assessment of Rider/Driver Gaze Behaviour in Slovenian Urban Areas

2022

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Motorcycle riders are an increasing group of road users. The intrinsic characteristics of powered two wheelers (PTW) allow them to be particularly flexible, both in urban and extra-urban environments. Nevertheless, crash statistics indicate that riders involved in road accidents are highly likely to suffer severe injuries, underlining the vulnerability of this group of road users. An element that can greatly affect the safety of PTW users is road design, as roads are usually designed for two-track vehicles (cars, buses, and lorries) and do not consider the needs of PTWs. Additionally, handling a motorcycle is quite different from driving a car; thus, the behaviour of riders is different to that of drivers. The aim of this paper is to compare how different road designs are perceived by riders and drivers and to preliminarily assess if riders’ behaviour and attention allocation are related. For the purpose of this research, an eye-tracking experiment was developed outdoors. Both drivers and riders travelled along a route comprising four different road designs and various road layouts, and the output was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. Although it was not possible to carry out a statistical analysis due to the limited number of participants, the results demonstrate that there is a difference in the gaze behaviour of drivers and riders, with the latter being far more focused on the left-hand side of the road and concentrating on defined elements of road design. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrated that a higher number of fixations is related to lower speeds. Finally, it was noted that both kinds of road users focus fairly well on the carriageway, leading to the conclusion that the indications given through road markings may be much more effective than vertical signalisation, which has rarely been observed.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[9]. A study that somehow relates gaze behaviour and sources of risk is [10], in which the authors link pedestrian gaze behaviour to a 'natural' stimulus (oncoming cars) to calculate reaction time. In this case, the oncoming cars, which at the beginning of the experiment are not in sight to the pedestrian, can be seen as a source of risk.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Preliminary Assessment of Rider/Driver Gaze Behaviour in Slovenian Urban Areas

2022

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“…Pedestrian movement across the pedestrian crossing, including reaction time and movement in the conflict zone, although these two phases can be observed uniquely due to different influential parameters and their significance [69,70], was analyzed separately. Pedestrians play an important role in urban mobility, but a smaller number of studies deal with research on pedestrian behavior compared to driver behavior research.…”

Section: Pedestrian Behavior-prediction Models-literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…problem becomes significant for older children and adolescents. Research conducted on the student population with eye-tracking equipment has shown that the use of mobile phones is a distractor that has an impact on reaction time more, but also on crossing speed in the conflict zone of signalized [69] and unsignalized [70] pedestrian crosswalks.…”

Section: Models For Child-pedestrian Reaction Time and Speed At The S...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child-Pedestrian Traffic Safety at Crosswalks—Literature Review

et al. 2022

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Child pedestrians make up 30% of the total number of children injured in road traffic in the EU. They are a particularly vulnerable subgroup because they exhibit specific traffic behavior related to cognitive and physical development, sociodemographic characteristics, and environmental conditions. This paper provides an overview of research of parameters that affect the safety of children in the conflict zones of the intersection—crosswalks. The overview was undertaken targeting available research mostly conducted in the last 10 years all over the world, related to the identification of parameters that affect the safety of child-pedestrians, and models developed for the prediction of pedestrian and child-pedestrian behavior. Research conducted on various urban networks provides insight into locally and more widely applicable impact parameters connected to child characteristics and infrastructural and traffic elements, but also distractors (e.g., electronic devices) as new phenomena influencing children’s road safety. A review of pedestrian behavior-prediction models suggests that models are being developed for the general population, and models for children’s behavior, with specific parameters, are missing. For further research, more detailed analysis of the impact of distractors and of COVID–19 pandemic non-mobility, as well as an analysis of possible infrastructural solutions to increase children’s road traffic safety, is suggested.

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“…By defining Area of Interests (AOIs) such as the button on the flashing beacon, smartphone, crosswalk path or other vehicles, it would help to gain a better understanding of what the pedestrians are looking at. The visual attention allocation of pedestrians will provide more information about distraction state 37 . In our future study, in-depth analysis of eye tracking data by integrating the AOIs information will be performed to explore pedestrians' visual attention allocation on key AOIs, such as the flashing beacon button, the smartphone and the vehicles.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking infrastructure design: Evaluating pedestrians and VRUs' psychophysiological and behavioral responses to different roadway designs

Guo¹,

Angulo²,

Tavakoli³

et al. 2022

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The integration of human-centric approaches has gained more attention recently due to more automated systems being introduced into our built environments (buildings, roads, vehicles, etc.), which requires a correct understanding of how humans perceive such systems and respond to them. This paper introduces an Immersive Virtual Environment-based method to evaluate the infrastructure design with psycho-physiological and behavioral responses from the vulnerable road users, especially for pedestrians. A case study of pedestrian mid-block crossings with three crossing infrastructure designs (painted crosswalk, crosswalk with flashing beacons, and a smartphone app for connected vehicles) are tested. Results from 51 participants indicate there are differences between the subjective and objective measurement. A higher subjective safety rating is reported for the flashing beacon design, while the psychophysiological and behavioral data indicate that the flashing beacon and smartphone app are similar in terms of crossing behaviors, eye tracking measurements, and heart rate. In addition, the smartphone app scenario appears to have a lower stress level as indicated by eye tracking data, although many participants don't have prior experience with it. Suggestions are made for the implementation of new technologies, which can increase public acceptance of new technologies and pedestrian safety in the future.

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Pedestrian safety at roundabouts: Their crossing and glance behavior in the interaction with vehicular traffic

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

A Preliminary Assessment of Rider/Driver Gaze Behaviour in Slovenian Urban Areas

A Preliminary Assessment of Rider/Driver Gaze Behaviour in Slovenian Urban Areas

Child-Pedestrian Traffic Safety at Crosswalks—Literature Review

Rethinking infrastructure design: Evaluating pedestrians and VRUs' psychophysiological and behavioral responses to different roadway designs

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