Peak exercise capacity estimated from incremental shuttle walking test in patients with COPD: a methodological study

Arnardóttir, Ragnheiður Harpa; Emtner, Margareta; Hedenström, Hans; Larsson, Kjell; Boman, Gunnar

doi:10.1186/1465-9921-7-127

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…10 The maximal walking speed at the end of the ISWT varied between 1.01 and 1.52 m/s in different studies. [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] These values are lower than ours, probably because of the longer distance walked during the test.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Measuring walking speed in COPD: test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test and comparison with the 6-minute walk test

Andersson

Moberg

Svantesson

et al. 2011

Primary Care Respiratory Journal

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Aims: To examine test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test (30mWT) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to compare the 30mWT with the 6-minute walk test (6MWT).Methods: Forty-nine subjects with stable COPD were included. The 30mWT consists of walking at different walking intensities over a distance of 30 metres -self-selected speed (ss-30mWT) and maximal speed (ms-30mWT). The test was conducted twice and the time to walk 30 metres was recorded. The 6MWT was performed in duplicate on the same day.Results: Test-retest reliability was high: intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2.1) = 0.93 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97) for maximal walking speed and 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.93) for self-selected walking speed. Both maximal and self-selected speed had a standard error of measurement (SEM) of 0.07 m/s and SEM% was 4.4 for maximal speed and 5.9 for self-selected speed. The correlation, criterion validity, between ms-30mWT and the 6MWT was r=0.78 (p<0.001). Heart rate, dyspnoea, exertion and oxygen saturation were more affected after the 6MWT than after the 30mWT (p<0.001). Conclusions:The 30mWT is a reliable submaximal test that is easy to perform and can be used to measure physical function (walking ability) in patients with COPD. It may be well suited for primary care settings.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 86%

Measuring walking speed in COPD: test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test and comparison with the 6-minute walk test

Andersson

Moberg

Svantesson

et al. 2011

Primary Care Respiratory Journal

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“…Studies that met the inclusion criteria are shown in table 8. The data show a strong relationship between V9O 2 or work rate on CPET and ISWT (r50.75-0.88) [35,38,204,210], with no difference in measured V9O 2 between the tests [48,209,211]. Other physiological parameters (V9CO 2 , V9E and derivatives) were generally lower during the ISWT (table 8).…”

Section: Validity Of the Iswtmentioning

confidence: 82%

An official systematic review of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: measurement properties of field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease

Singh¹,

Puhan²,

et al. 2014

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This systematic review examined the measurement properties of the 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) in adults with chronic respiratory disease.Studies that report the evaluation or use of the 6MWT, ISWT or ESWT were included. We searched electronic databases for studies published between January 2000 and September 2013.The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) is a reliable measure (intra-class correlation coefficients ranged from 0.82 to 0.99 in seven studies). There is a learning effect, with greater distance walked on the second test (pooled mean improvement of 26 m in 13 studies). Reliability was similar for ISWT and ESWT, with a learning effect also evident for ISWT (pooled mean improvement of 20 m in six studies). The 6MWD correlates more strongly with peak work capacity (r50.59-0.93) and physical activity (r50.40-0.85) than with respiratory function (r50.10-0.59). Methodological factors affecting 6MWD include track length, encouragement, supplemental oxygen and walking aids. Supplemental oxygen also affects ISWT and ESWT performance. Responsiveness was moderate to high for all tests, with greater responsiveness to interventions that included exercise training.The findings of this review demonstrate that the 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT are robust tests of functional exercise capacity in adults with chronic respiratory disease. OverviewThe aim of this systematic review was to examine the measurement properties for the 6-min walk test (6MWT), incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT) and endurance shuttle walk test (ESWT) in adults with chronic respiratory disease. A companion paper describes the standard operating procedures for the tests [1]. The key findings of this systematic review are as follows.1) The 6-min walking distance (6MWD) is a valid and reliable measure of exercise capacity for people with chronic lung disease. The 6MWD correlates more strongly with measures of peak work capacity and physical activity than with respiratory function or quality of life, which supports its conceptualisation as a test of functional exercise performance.2) The ISWT offers a different protocol to the 6MWT as it is incremental and externally paced. The ISWT is a valid and reliable measure of cardiopulmonary exercise capacity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), where there is a strong relationship between ISWT distance and peak oxygen uptake (V9O 2 peak) or work rate on a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET).3) A learning effect is observed for the 6MWT and the ISWT. The second test usually is the better compared with the first, but this is inconsistent.4) The ESWT is a test of endurance capacity. It is externally paced and is performed along the same course as the ISWT. Two tests do not appear to be necessary if the second test is conducted on the same day.5) Reference equations have been proposed for the 6MWD and the ISWT. Age, height and weight are included in most equations. The influence of race and ethnicity is unclear.6) The safety profile of ...

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“…Interestingly, in this study, a greater oxygen desaturation was observed during both the ISWT and 6-MWT as compared with that during the CPET, confirming that the field walking tests are more sensitive than the CPET in detecting exercise-induced hypoxemia [46]. In another study on patients with moderate to severe COPD that compared ISWT and incremental CPET performances, the ISWT distance, when multiplied by the patient body weight, was found to be an excellent predictor of the maximal workload measured in watts by the CPET [47]. The strong correlation between the physiologic responses between the ISWT and the CPET was further confirmed in a large group of patients with potentially operable lung cancer, in whom the shuttle walk distance was found to be significantly correlated with peak oxygen consumption obtained by the CPET [49].…”

Section: The Swtmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The protocol of the SWT was modified from that of a progressive, externally paced 20-meter shuttle running test, widely used as a field test of functional activity in athletes [45]. Therefore, the SWT is an incremental and progressive test, which stresses the individual to a symptom-limited maximal performance, and has also been called the ‘incremental shuttle walking test’ (ISWT) [46, 47]. …”

Section: The Swtmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Walking Capacity Assessment in the Respiratory Patient

Chetta

Pisi²,

Aiello³

et al. 2009

Respiration

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Exercise testing is commonly used in respiratory patients to assess their degree of disability, prognosis for survival, presence of exercise-induced hypoxemia and response to treatment. Recently, simple exercise tests, which are based on walking, have been developed and are increasingly being used both for clinical and research purposes. The 6-min walk test (6-MWT) is the most widely used and simply consists in the measurement of the distance walked in 6 min. The 6-MWT is self-paced and differs from the shuttle walking test, which is externally paced via a recorded metronome and entails incrementally faster speeds. Although the field walking tests do not require complex equipment, they can provide reliable and useful clinical information. This review deals with the validity, reliability and interpretation of these walking tests in the assessment of patients with chronic respiratory disease.

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Peak exercise capacity estimated from incremental shuttle walking test in patients with COPD: a methodological study

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Measuring walking speed in COPD: test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test and comparison with the 6-minute walk test

Measuring walking speed in COPD: test-retest reliability of the 30-metre walk test and comparison with the 6-minute walk test

An official systematic review of the European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society: measurement properties of field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease

The Walking Capacity Assessment in the Respiratory Patient

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