PD-1/PD-L1 Correlates with the Progression of Triple Negative Breast Cancer

Abstract

As a common female disease, breast cancer is mostly found in premenopausal and postmenopausal fair sexs, Its attack shows an increasing year by -year and younger trend [1] . Its molecular classification by immunohistochemistry and FISH is classified as Luminal A, Luminal B, Triple negative, HER-2-overexpressing, and especially Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC), which is the most malignant form, accounting for about 15% of all infiltrative breast cancers and confers an grew hazard [2,3,4] . Since the pathological hallmarks of TNBC are mainly the expression of all receptors for ER ( estrogen receptor), PR (progesterone receptor), and HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), there is probably a high lack of specificity, and there is no target for early treatment of this type of disease, Even more challenging to be treated than some other breast cancer with endocrine therapy or targeted therapy, and relatively low chance of survival and uncomplicated metastasis in five years, so it is also a significant treatment conundrum for advanced breast cancer in the future that can hardly be breached, The main reason is that it is the PD-1 (programmed death-1) receptor and its part PD-L1 ( programmed death ligand 1) are highly expressed in TNBC patients relative to other different types of breast cancer, and are involved in the immune escape mechanism of tumor cells, if the immune mechanism involved by PD-1 is inhibited, for the treatment of TNBC there will be essential progress, more and more studies found that, The immune system and its T cells have an significant role in clearing tumor cells, and in this review, we discuss the mechanisms between PD-1/PD-L1 and TNBC, as well as clinical applications for treating TNBC.