PD-1 inhibitors in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

Cancers are highly complex diseases that are characterized by not only the overgrowth of malignant cells but also an altered immune response. The inhibition and reprogramming of the immune system play critical roles in tumor initiation and progression. Immunotherapy aims to reactivate antitumor immune cells and overcome the immune escape mechanisms of tumors. Represented by immune checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell transfer, tumor immunotherapy has seen tremendous success in the clinic, with the capability to induce long-term regression of some tumors that are refractory to all other treatments. Among them, immune checkpoint blocking therapy, represented by PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors (nivolumab) and CTLA-4 inhibitors (ipilimumab), has shown encouraging therapeutic effects in the treatment of various malignant tumors, such as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma. In addition, with the advent of CAR-T, CAR-M and other novel immunotherapy methods, immunotherapy has entered a new era. At present, evidence indicates that the combination of multiple immunotherapy methods may be one way to improve the therapeutic effect. However, the overall clinical response rate of tumor immunotherapy still needs improvement, which warrants the development of novel therapeutic designs as well as the discovery of biomarkers that can guide the prescription of these agents. Learning from the past success and failure of both clinical and basic research is critical for the rational design of studies in the future. In this article, we describe the efforts to manipulate the immune system against cancer and discuss different targets and cell types that can be exploited to promote the antitumor immune response.

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“… 43 The approved PD-1 inhibitors and PD-L1 inhibitors have changed the paradigm of cancer therapy. 44 – 47 …”

Section: Introduction: the History Of Tumor Immunotherapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Wang

Sun

2022

Sig Transduct Target Ther

178

114

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“…Programmed death receptor 1 (PD-1) recognizes ligands such as PD-L1 on tumor cells to evade host immune responses. Inhibition of the programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway has emerged as a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors [ 119 ]. PD-L1 expression ranged from 39 to 100% in NKTCL [ 30 , 120 , 121 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nivolumab is a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody that targets the programmed death (PD)-1 receptor on T cells and has shown marked antitumor activity, improving survival in a number of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including Hodgkin's lymphoma [ 122 , 123 ]. In a phase Ib study that included R/R hematologic malignancies, the ORR was 40% in patients with PTCL, but no CR was observed [ 119 ]. Although Pembrolizumab has been used to treat various subtypes of NHL, there are limited real-world data on the efficacy of Pembrolizumab in patients with NKTCL.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic challenges in peripheral T-cell lymphoma

Luan,

Li,

Luan

et al. 2024

Mol Cancer

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Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a rare and heterogeneous group of hematological malignancies. Compared to our knowledge of B-cell tumors, our understanding of T-cell leukemia and lymphoma remains less advanced, and a significant number of patients are diagnosed with advanced stages of the disease. Unfortunately, the development of drug resistance in tumors leads to relapsed or refractory peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas (r/r PTCL), resulting in highly unsatisfactory treatment outcomes for these patients. This review provides an overview of potential mechanisms contributing to PTCL treatment resistance, encompassing aspects such as tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment, and abnormal signaling pathways in PTCL development. The existing drugs aimed at overcoming PTCL resistance and their potential resistance mechanisms are also discussed. Furthermore, a summary of ongoing clinical trials related to PTCL is presented, with the aim of aiding clinicians in making informed treatment decisions.

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“…Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) most commonly presents with progressive, painless enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes, especially around the cervical region or less frequently in the mediastinal or abdominal lymph nodes, and further progresses to other groups of lymph nodes and may spread to any organ system, commonly displaying extra‐nodal involvement including cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, thymic, splenic and bone infiltration. However, central nervous system (CNS) involvement by HL is extremely rare, accounting to 0.02%–0.5% of HL cases 1 . In contrast, CNS involvement can occur in 5%–30% of patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma 2 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, central nervous system (CNS) involvement by HL is extremely rare, accounting to 0.02%–0.5% of HL cases. 1 In contrast, CNS involvement can occur in 5%–30% of patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. 2 CNS HL can present at any point in the course of HL, most commonly during relapsing phase and mimics with a prominent neurological symptom.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CNS lymphoma masquerading as stroke: Cases report and literature review

Liang,

Wang,

Liu

2023

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in Hodgkins lymphoma (HL) is extremely rare. There are only two reported case series of intracranial involvement of HL. CNS HL can be presented at any point in the course of HL, most mimicking with a prominent neurological symptom. This challenges the diagnosis of CNS involvement and stroke. Here, we report four cases of patients having refractory HL with CNS involvement to garner attention among neurologists for this rare disease presents with stroke symptoms and reviews its disease characteristics, prognosis, and treatment.

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PD-1 inhibitors in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Therapeutic targets and biomarkers of tumor immunotherapy: response versus non-response

Therapeutic challenges in peripheral T-cell lymphoma

CNS lymphoma masquerading as stroke: Cases report and literature review

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