PCR Survey of Hox Genes in the Crinoid and Ophiuroid: Evidence for Anterior Conservation and Posterior Expansion in the Echinoderm Hox Gene Cluster

Mito, Taro; Endo, Kazuhiko

doi:10.1006/mpev.1999.0707

Cited by 35 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…To elucidate if this unprecedented order of Hox genes is a common trait of echinoderms or if it underlines the individual unique body plans observed in echinoderms, and to look at evolution of the body plan through the analysis of Hox genes, studies are currently being conducted with O. japonicus. Short sequences corresponding to the homeobox domains have been published [25], and using this information the full lengths of some of the Hox genes have been cloned and their expression during embryogenesis is being analyzed by RT-PCR (Tsurugaya, personal communication). The results show a difference in expression of the Hox gene orthologs of the sea urchin and O. japonicus during embryogenesis.…”

Section: Ongoing Analyses Of O Japonicus At the Molecular Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciona intestinalis and Oxycomanthus japonicus, Representatives of Marine Invertebrates

et al. 2009

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Abstract:The study of marine invertebrates is useful in various biological research fields. However, genetic analyses of these animals are limited, mainly due to difficulties in culturing them, and the genetic resources of marine invertebrates have not been organized. Recently, advances have been made in the study of two deuterostomes, an ascidian Ciona intestinalis and a feather star Oxycomanthus japonicus. The draft genome sequence of Ciona intestinalis has been determined, and its compact genome, which has less redundancy of genes compared with vertebrates, provides us with a useful experimental system for analyzing the functions of genes during development. The life cycle of Ciona intestinalis is approximately 2-3 months, and the genetic techniques including a perfect inland culture system, germline transformation with a transposon Minos, enhancer detection and insertional mutagenesis, have been established. The feather star Oxycomanthus japonicus conserves the characteristics of the basic echinoderm body plan with a segmented mesoderm, which is a fascinating characteristic for understanding the evolution of echinoderms. Oxycomanthus japonicus shows strong regeneration ability and is a suitable subject for analysis of the mechanisms of regeneration. In consideration of these features, the National BioResource Project (NBRP) has started to support the supply of wild-types, transgenic lines and inbred lines of Ciona intestinalis and Oxycomanthus japonicus.

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Section: Ongoing Analyses Of O Japonicus At the Molecular Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciona intestinalis and Oxycomanthus japonicus, Representatives of Marine Invertebrates

et al. 2009

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“…The sources of used sequence data: Echinodermata: Sea cucumber, Holothuria glaberrima (Mendéz, 2000) (PCR); Sea stars, Asterina minor (Mito and Endo, '97) (PCR) and Patiriella exigua (Long et al, 2000) (PCR), Hox4 gene (Long et al, 2003); Crinoid, Oxycomanthus japonicus (Mito and Endo, 2000) (PCR), Metacrinus rotundus (Hara et al, 2006); Ophiurid, Stegophiura sladeni (Mito and Endo, 2000) (PCR), Amphiura filiformis (PCR, P. Martinez et al, GenBank submissions). For echinoids we used the completely sequenced Hox cluster (Cameron et al, 2006) as references.…”

Section: Appendixmentioning

confidence: 99%

PCR survey of Xenoturbella bocki Hox genes

Fritzsch¹,

Böhme²,

Thorndyke³

et al. 2007

J Exp Zool Pt B

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Xenoturbella bocki has recently been identified as one of the most basal deuterostomes, although an even more basal phylogenetic position cannot be ruled out. Here we report on a polymerase chain reaction survey of partial Hox homeobox sequences of X. bocki. Surprisingly, we did not find evidence for more than five Hox genes, one clear labial/PG1 ortholog, one posterior gene most similar to the PG9/10 genes of Ambulacraria, and three central group genes whose precise assignment to a specific paralog group remains open. We furthermore report on a re-evaluation of the available published evidence of Hox genes in other basal deuterostomes.

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“…Figure 3 shows a neighbor-joining tree of the echinoderm posterior genes including HboxP9. It suggested, however, that Pj13 might be rather related to Hox11-13b than to HboxP9 since the C. japonicus Hbox7 is considered to be an ortholog of S. purpuratus Hox11-13b (Mito and Endo, 2000). These observations imply that some of these posterior gene duplications may have occurred independently in different lineage within a phylum or even a class.…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hox Genesmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…2). Recently Mito and Endo (2000) have reported that at least four Percentage of support (50% or higher) in 1000 bootstrap searches is shown on the branches. Pj13, a novel sea urchin posterior gene, may be rather related to Hox11-13b than to HboxP9, the fourth posterior group identified in the sea star A. minor (AM), the feather star C. japonicus (CJ), and the brittle star S. sladeni (SS).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Analysis Of Hox Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Derived amino acid sequences of P. japonica Hox-type genes were compared to those of Tripneustes gratilla (Dolecki et al, 1986;Dolecki et al, 1988;Wang et al, 1990), Paracentrotus lividus (Di Bernardo et al, 1994), Lytechinus variegatus (Ruddle et al, 1994), Heliocidaris erythrogramma (Popodi et al 1996), Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus (Ishii et al, 1999), Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (Martinez et al, 1999), Asterina minor (Mito and Endo, 1997), Oxycomanthus (Comanthus) japonicus, and Stegophiura sladeni (Mito and Endo, 2000). Multiple alignments and neighbor-joining analyses were performed using CLUSTAL W (Thompson et al, 1994).…”

Section: Sequence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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