‘Pavlovian’ Food Effect on the Enterohepatic Recirculation of Piroxicam

Gastric pH and Gastric Residence Time in Fasted and Fed Conscious Beagle Dogs using the Bravo® pH System

“…The findings from this study indicate that canine fasted gastric pH was similar to other reported dog gastric pH measurements2 , 3 as well as cynomolgus monkey7 and human1–15 values. In addition, this study provided further evidence that during and following a meal, the dog pH remains relatively acidic and there is no buffering effect of food to increase gastric pH in the present study conditions.…”

“…However, the environment may change rapidly and the solubility may be in a constant flux and therefore no net effect on absorption may be observed. In addition, if the increased pH environment in the stomach is indeed due to a premature emptying of the gallbladder and regurgitation back into the stomach, the rate or extent of absorption may affect drugs absorbed in the intestinal environment, as was observed by Polli et al 11…”

Effects of CYP2C9 * 1/ * 13 on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meloxicam

“…Most plasma concentration–time curves exhibited two peaks after oral administration of meloxicam, with a small second peak occurring 10 to 12 h after administration. This result has also been reported previously for the disposition of piroxicam [22, 23] and meloxicam [24–27]. The AUC and the elimination half‐life of intravenous meloxicam are reduced by cholestyramine, indicating involvement of the entero‐hepatic or entero‐enteric circulation [28], which may explain the observed double peaks and prolonged absorption of meloxicam.…”

Effect of gastric emptying and entero-hepatic circulation on bioequivalence assessment of ranitidine

“…According to previous studies, piroxicam, just like ranitidine, is known as a drug with EHC (27-31, 14, 32). Figures 2 and 3 however confirm that ranitidine does not have similar long elimination time in humans as stated for piroxicam (23,(32)(33)(34).…”