Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa

Saathoff, Elmar; Olsen, Annette; Magnussen, Pascal; Kvalsvig, Jane; Becker, W.; Appleton, C.C.

doi:10.1186/1471-2334-4-40

Cited by 81 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Although praziquantel was efficacious against both S. mansoni and S. haematobium infections with little or no evidence of possible resistance as indicated in this report (Guyatt et al, 2001;Degu et al, 2002;Saathoff et al, 2004a;Midgzi et al, 2008;), other antischistosomal drugs investigated such as oxamniquine, and antimalarial drugs eg. artesunate, amodiaquine and sulphadoxine-pyremethamine were also reasonably effective (Thiong'o et al, 2002;Inyang-Etoh, 2004;Boulanger et al, 2007;Inyang-Etoh et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the findings of this review indicated that benzimidazoles exhibited considerable cure rates and egg reduction rates particularly against A. lumbricoides and hookworms (Guyatt et al, 2001;Jinabhai et al, 2001;Saathoff et al, 2004b;Adugna et al, 2007;Kihara et al, 2007;) and aside from reducing the load of worms, benzimidazole treatment has been shown to improve the nutritional status and cognitive development of children infected with A. lumbricoides, T. trichiura, and hookworms and reduces hookworm associated anaemia in children (Albonico et al, 1996;Stoltzfus et al, 1998). On the other hand studies reviewed indicated that a single oral dose of 40 mg of praziquantel per kg of body weight was safe, showed no or only a few but transient side effects, but resulted in high parasitological cure and egg reduction rates against both S. mansoni and S. haematobium (Berhe et al, 1999;Taylor et al, 2001;Guyatt et al, 2001;Degu et al, 2002;Saathoff et al, 2004a;Midzi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

Uneke

2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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Soil transmitted helminth infections (STH) and schistosomiasis constitute major public health challenges among school-age children in sub-Saharan Africa. This review assessed the efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention in line with the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution since the passage in 2001. Using the Medline Entrez-Pubmed search, relevant publications were identified via combinations of key words such as helminth infection, school children, chemotherapy, Africa. Albendazole, mebendazole, and praziquantel were the antihelminthic drugs most commonly evaluated. Cure rates >80% and egg reduction rates >90% were recorded in most cases of schistosomiasis using praziquantel. Albendazole was very effective against A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections with majority of the studies recording cure rates >75%, but the efficacy of the drug was poor against T. trichiura. To ensure the realization of the WHA resolution, there is need for regular treatment of school children, development of alternative antihelminthic drugs and vaccines, environmental control measures and health education. ______________________________________________________________________________________

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

Uneke

2010

Tanzania J Hlth Res

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“…Other studies using a variety of diagnostic methods in various at-risk populations have shown a wide variance in schistosomiasis prevalence in endemic countries. Twenty per cent of adults in rural Nigeria [16], 40% of adults in rural Zambia [17], and 68% of children in rural South Africa [18] were infected with schistosomiasis. Among African migrants to Australia, 12% of those attending general practice in Melbourne [19] and 7% of those attending the Migrant Health Unit in Perth [20] were found to be infected with schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in African patients infected with HIV

Smith¹,

Smith²,

Seaton³

et al. 2008

HIV Medicine

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Schistosomiasis is a highly prevalent parasitic infection causing significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Infection is asymptomatic for many years. Long-term complications such as portal hypertension and bladder cancer can be prevented by treatment with praziquantel. ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis in HIV-infected African patients attending our department. MethodsFrom March 2005, all patients of African origin attending our HIV clinics were tested for schistosomal antibodies using a peroxidase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Stool and urine specimens from seropositive patients were examined for ova. All seropositive patients were offered treatment with praziquantel. ResultsOf 122 patients tested, 21 (17%) were ELISA positive for schistosomiasis. Ova were found in stools from four patients and on a cervical smear in one patient. There were no significant differences between infected and uninfected patients other than the presence of eosinophilia (48 vs. 6%; Po0.001), and 17 seropositive patients were treated with praziquantel. ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in HIV-infected patients of African origin in the UK is high. We recommend that screening for schistosomiasis should be offered to these patients and those found to be positive treated with praziquantel.

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“…3,5,34,40 The effects on child development may result in a generation of adults disadvantaged by the irreversible consequences of this infection. 42 Endemic areas were identified using the Atlas of Bilharzia in Southern Africa 23 which helped to provide estimates of the population at risk of the disease and to adequately plan for the control programme.…”

Section: Volume 111 | Number 11/12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The endemic areas in South Africa are in the north and the east, covering about a quarter of the country. 5 The most common species in South Africa is S. haematobium . School-aged children usually present the highest prevalence and intensity of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

review of the control of schistosomiasis in South Africa

Magaisa¹,

Taylor²,

Kjetland³

et al. 2018

S. Afr. J. Sci.

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Schistosomiasis is the second most important tropical disease in the world in terms of public health impact. In South Africa, more than 4 million people are estimated to be infected with schistosomiasis. School-age children usually have the highest prevalence and intensity of infection. Schistosoma haematobium may result in female genital schistosomiasis which presents as inflammation and ulceration of the genital mucosa and pathological blood vessels. These effects may increase the susceptibility of women with female genital schistosomiasis to HIV. Praziquantel is the drug used to treat schistosomiasis and it is best to treat people during the early stages of infection, before female genital schistosomiasis presents as lesions and sandy patches, as there currently is no treatment for these symptoms. Schistosomiasis is not regarded as a serious public health issue in South Africa despite evidence revealing the seriousness of the disease. In areas endemic for schistosomiasis, the World Health Organization recommends regular mass treatment of all school-age children. In 2001, South Africa became a signatory to the World Health Assembly resolution 54.19 which urged all member states to achieve the minimum goal of 75% treatment coverage in school-age children at risk by 2010. This goal was not achieved in South Africa, despite efforts made by the Department of Health, such as the first statutory school-based geohelminth control programme in the province of KwaZulu-Natal. However, this programme has not been continued. Therefore, there is still much work to be done in order to control and decrease the prevalence of schistosomiasis in endemic areas.

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Patterns of Schistosoma haematobium infection, impact of praziquantel treatment and re-infection after treatment in a cohort of schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal/South Africa

Cited by 81 publications

References 18 publications

Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

Soil transmitted helminth infections and schistosomiasis in school age children in sub-Saharan Africa: Efficacy of chemotherapeutic intervention since World Health Assembly Resolution 2001

Seroprevalence of schistosomiasis in African patients infected with HIV

review of the control of schistosomiasis in South Africa

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