Patterns of K1 and M2 internal tides and their seasonal variations in the northern South China Sea

Wu, Lixin; Miao, Chunbao; Zhao, Wei

doi:10.1007/s10872-013-0183-7

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…More important is that the long-range propagation of internal tides without nonlinear disintegration in the deep basin has been validated by the field measurement, which shows a distinct lack of nonlinear internal waves during the winter in 2005 (Ramp et al2010). As for the local continental slope shelf, Fig.8 shows negligible tidal forcing, consistent with the modeling study that shows that the baroclinic tidal energy conversion rate for the 2 M constituent during the winter is only 5 percent of that during the summer (Wu et al, 2013), demonstrating that the semidiurnal IT generated at the local continental slope shelf can be ignored. Moreover, another fact supporting the disregard of the contribution of the local IT is that 22 0.25m s F  is usually regarded as a critical value for the generation of ISWs (Lozovatsky et al, 2012;Bai et al, 2014).…”

Section: Origin Of Itssupporting

confidence: 85%

Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea

Liang

2019

Ocean Dynamics

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Key Points: The evolution of an internal tide mode is examined with intermodal coupling.  A generation mechanism of observed mode-2 internal solitary waves during the winter is presented. A mode-1 internal tide can efficiently scatter into mode-2 waves during the winter.Confidential manuscript submitted to replace this text with name of AGU journal Abstract Field measurements of second-mode internal solitary waves (mode-2 ISWs) during the winter on the upper continental slope of the northern South China Sea were reported in Yang et al. (2009), but their generation mechanism remains elusive. We investigated this issue with a multi-modal evolution model and theoretical analysis, which suggest that the observed mode-2 ISWs were generated by a shoaling mode-2 semidiurnal internal tide (IT) that emanated from the Luzon Strait. The results show that two groups of mode-2 ISWs usually appear within one semidiurnal tidal period, successively riding on expanded and subsequently compressed pycnoclines. The number of wave groups largely depends on the amplitudes of the ITs; that is, a larger IT produces larger mode-2 ISWs. Furthermore, intermodal coupling dominates the evolution of a mode-1 IT, highlighting the importance of considering mode scattering in the propagation of low-mode ITs. solitary-likewaves,

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Section: Origin Of Itssupporting

confidence: 85%

Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea

Liang

2019

Ocean Dynamics

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“…Previous studies have indicated enhanced turbulent mixing in the northern SCS, with the diapycnal diffusivity two orders of magnitude greater than that in the Western Pacific (Tian et al., 2009), which may be related to the diurnal ITs trapped in the SCS Basin (Wu et al., 2013; Yang et al., 2016). However, results of this work suggest that only a small part of energy is reflected back to the deep basin, which could only have limited contribution to turbulent mixing in the SCS basin.…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…By contrast, for a 2D topography, the waves can only be reflected back toward the generation sites. This leads to an overestimation of the reflected energy and the formation of a standing wave pattern in the deep basin (Wu et al., 2013).…”

Section: Summary and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, by performing a 2D numerical simulation along 21°N section, Wu et al. (2013) stated that a partial standing wave pattern of the K 1 ITs is formed in the SCS Basin due to their reflection on the continental slopes. This may explain why turbulent mixing in the northern SCS is stronger than that in the Western Pacific, considering that the reflected K 1 energy is trapped in the deep basin and dissipated (Cao et al., 2019; Tian et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on in-situ observations, Klymak et al (2011) first pointed out that 1.5 kW/m diurnal energy flux is reflected back near the Dongsha Island (DS), which is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that radiated from the LS (Alford et al, 2015). Furthermore, by performing a 2D numerical simulation along 21°N section, Wu et al (2013) stated that a partial standing wave pattern of the K 1 ITs is formed in the SCS Basin due to their reflection on the continental slopes. This may explain why turbulent mixing in the northern SCS is stronger than that in the Western Pacific, considering that the reflected K 1 energy is trapped in the deep basin and dissipated (Cao et al, 2019;Tian et al, 2009;Yang et al, 2016).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Reflection of K₁ Internal Tides at the Continental Slope in the Northern South China Sea

Wang

Cao

et al. 2021

JGR Oceans

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Reflection of the K1 internal tides (ITs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) is investigated using a high‐resolution three‐dimensional numerical model. The simulated results indicate that the westward K1 ITs generated at the Luzon Strait (LS) first impact the continental slope in the northern SCS, and thereafter are reflected. There is a total of 0.31 GW of K1 energy that are reflected, suggesting a weak reflection considering 3.54 GW of westward K1 energy from the LS. Two reflected K1 beams are revealed. The southeast one is the more energetic and can propagate across the deep basin, agreeing with that extracted from satellite altimeter data. The eastward one propagates toward the LS, but it is absent in altimeter results because of its lower intensity. Both the two reflected beams are radiated from the supercritical region in shallow water. Different from the incident waves that are dominated by mode‐1, the reflected waves exhibit a multimodal structure. Contribution of high modes to reflected waves is comparable to that of mode‐1. Moreover, modal content is different for the two reflected beams, with higher proportion of high‐mode energy flux for eastward reflected beam. In contrast to the K1 ITs, no remarkable reflected O1 ITs are detected from either simulated or altimeter results. This is due to the weak generation of O1 ITs at the LS, which leads to less O1 energy reaching the continental slope. The results of this work can provide essential insight on IT dynamics in the SCS.

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Observations of Internal Tides in the Pacific Ocean

Morozov¹

2018

Oceanic Internal Tides: Observations, Analysis and Modeling

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Patterns of K1 and M2 internal tides and their seasonal variations in the northern South China Sea

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea

Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea

Reflection of K₁ Internal Tides at the Continental Slope in the Northern South China Sea

Observations of Internal Tides in the Pacific Ocean

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Patterns of K1 and M2 internal tides and their seasonal variations in the northern South China Sea

Cited by 20 publications

References 34 publications

Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea

Generation of second-mode internal solitary waves during winter in the northern South China Sea

Reflection of K1 Internal Tides at the Continental Slope in the Northern South China Sea

Observations of Internal Tides in the Pacific Ocean

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Reflection of K₁ Internal Tides at the Continental Slope in the Northern South China Sea