2016
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.06.039
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Pattern recognition receptors in chronic pain: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications

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Cited by 37 publications
(33 citation statements)
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References 185 publications
(219 reference statements)
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“…Toll-like receptors (TLR) are activated by endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as fragmented extracellular matrix components, HMGB1 and heat-shock proteins. Many DAMPs are increased in RA models [31,79,87,116] and TLRs are expressed on a number of cell types, including immune cells, glia, chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts and sensory neurons [54,79,95].…”
Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Toll-like receptors (TLR) are activated by endogenous damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) such as fragmented extracellular matrix components, HMGB1 and heat-shock proteins. Many DAMPs are increased in RA models [31,79,87,116] and TLRs are expressed on a number of cell types, including immune cells, glia, chondrocytes, synoviocytes, osteoclasts and sensory neurons [54,79,95].…”
Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…TLR signaling increases nociceptive factors, such TNF and nerve growth factor [79,93], and joint inflammation in RA models [79,124]. In male K/BxN mice, spinal gene expression of the TLR4 ligands tenascin-c and HSP90 are increased [31] and extranuclear HMGB1 increases in male and female CAIA mice [3].…”
Section: Toll-like Receptorsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pain is an undesired feeling that can produce a wide range of responses: from mild, localized ache to distress [1][2][3]. Despite its displeasure, it is one of the vital body alarm systems, as it allows the subject to recognize stimuli of potentially harmful intensities [4]. Pain may be located on a specific area, such as an injury, but it can also be more diffuse, as it occurs with many diseases [3].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In contrast to short-lasting acute pain, chronic pain persists even after the cessation of the initial cause and often loses its protective value [1,4,6]. By definition, chronic pain lasts over 3-6 months [7] and is not solved with treatment [8].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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