It has been recognized that a chronic pain state involves sensory neuronal excitability enhanced by pro-inflammatory cytokines or other inflammatory mediators secreted from immune cells (Grace et al., 2014). Many researchers have attempted to interfere with this mechanism as a novel therapeutic approach. High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), released from damaged necrotic cells or activated immune cells, is an essential nuclear protein for gene transcriptional modulation or DNA structural support (Agalave & Svensson, 2015). The variation in receptors for HMGB1 makes it difficult to target its signaling. Extracellular HMGB1 mediates the inflammatory response through the activation of pattern recognition receptors, including the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptors (TLRs) (van Beijnum et al., 2008). Furthermore, HMGB1 mediates the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferons from microglia (Agalave & Svensson, 2015). These signaling pathways are involved in pathological conditions, such as sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, ischemia, and