Pathways into, desistance from, and risk factors related to cyber-dependent crime: A systematic narrative review

Abstract

Understanding cybercrime involvement is critical to tackle the growing global threat it represents. However, research is heterogeneous and scattered across different disciplines. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, this systematic narrative review synthesizes 86 documents on pathways into, desistance from, and risk factors related to cyber-dependent crime (hacking, malware, and DDoS attacks), and identifies research gaps. Analyses indicate that individuals interested in technology and online videogames meet peers involved in hacking activities, learn from them, and begin to engage in cybercrime. Desistance is influenced by a cost-benefit analysis and maturing. We also identified 27 risk factors for cyber-offending, including being young, male, having low self-control and deviant peers, and frequently using the Internet. Lastly, we outline multiple research gaps.