Pathology of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Wang, Lei; Yu, Shuangni; Chan, Anthony W.H.

doi:10.4172/2472-1891.100014

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, HFD induced a prevalent aspect of micro-vacuolar liver steatosis in females (about 60% micro-vacuolar and 40% of macro-vacuolar liver steatosis, Figure 1A) and, conversely a prevalent aspect of macro-vacuolar liver steatosis in males (about 40% micro-vacuolar and 60% of macro-vacuolar liver steatosis, Figure 1B) [30,31]. The lowest accumulation of fat in the liver of females after HFD was correlated with a better improvement of liver steatosis after Ole treatment (about 40% micro-vacuolar and 20% of macro-vacuolar liver steatosis in female vs. about 70% micro-vacuolar and 30% of macro-vacuolar liver steatosis Figure 1A,B).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender

Porcu

Sideri

Martini

et al. 2018

IJMS

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Oleuropein (Ole) is one of the most plentiful phenolic compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. The aim of our study was to establish whether the positive Ole-related effects on liver steatosis could be associated with autophagy. Female and male C57BL/6J mice were fed normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for eight weeks, and Ole was added or not for the following eight weeks. The autophagy-related proteins Akt, mTOR, AMPK, ULK1, Beclin-1, LC3B and p62/Sqstm1 were analyzed. Interestingly, Ole induced a different regulation of the Akt/mTOR pathway in female compared to male mice, but was able to activate the autophagic process in ND and HFD mice through AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of ULK1 at Ser555, regardless of the gender. Our work reveals the ability of Ole to induce, in liver of ND and HFD mice, autophagy independently by gender-specific mTOR activation. We highlight Ole as a novel therapeutic approach to counteract unhealthy diet-related liver steatosis by targeting autophagy.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender

Porcu

Sideri

Martini

et al. 2018

IJMS

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“…In the condition of microvesicular steatosis, minute fat droplets uniformly distribute in the hepatocyte. Microvesicular steatosis is typically caused by acute liver failure; thus, it does not belong to a pathological feature of NAFLD [ 37 ]. In macrovesicular steatosis, however, a single large fat droplet, which is generally formed by the fusion of multiple small to medium-sized fat droplets [ 38 ], exists in the hepatocyte to push the nucleus to the periphery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In macrovesicular steatosis, however, a single large fat droplet, which is generally formed by the fusion of multiple small to medium-sized fat droplets [ 38 ], exists in the hepatocyte to push the nucleus to the periphery. Besides a single large fat droplet, small to medium-sized droplets in hepatocytes are also treated as features of macrovesicular steatosis [ 37 ], which is a major fatty change of NAFLD that equivalently increases the number of acoustic scatterers (fat droplets) in the scattering medium (liver parenchyma) [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Value of Information Entropy Compared with Deep Learning for Ultrasound Grading of Hepatic Steatosis

Chen

Chao

Tsai

et al. 2020

Entropy

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Entropy is a quantitative measure of signal uncertainty and has been widely applied to ultrasound tissue characterization. Ultrasound assessment of hepatic steatosis typically involves a backscattered statistical analysis of signals based on information entropy. Deep learning extracts features for classification without any physical assumptions or considerations in acoustics. In this study, we assessed clinical values of information entropy and deep learning in the grading of hepatic steatosis. A total of 205 participants underwent ultrasound examinations. The image raw data were used for Shannon entropy imaging and for training and testing by the pretrained VGG-16 model, which has been employed for medical data analysis. The entropy imaging and VGG-16 model predictions were compared with histological examinations. The diagnostic performances in grading hepatic steatosis were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the DeLong test. The areas under the ROC curves when using the VGG-16 model to grade mild, moderate, and severe hepatic steatosis were 0.71, 0.75, and 0.88, respectively; those for entropy imaging were 0.68, 0.85, and 0.9, respectively. Ultrasound entropy, which varies with fatty infiltration in the liver, outperformed VGG-16 in identifying participants with moderate or severe hepatic steatosis (p < 0.05). The results indicated that physics-based information entropy for backscattering statistics analysis can be recommended for ultrasound diagnosis of hepatic steatosis, providing not only improved performance in grading but also clinical interpretations of hepatic steatosis.

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“…In the earliest stage of NAFLD, triglyceride (TG) accumulation in hepatocytes leads to the development of hepatic steatosis ( Valenti et al., 2016 ). This is characterized by the development of macrovesicular steatosis, with TG storage in large lipid droplets ( Wang and Yu, 2016 ). Although steatosis is largely benign, it can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which, in turn, increases the risk of developing cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma ( Asrih and Jornayvaz, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A human pluripotent stem cell model for the analysis of metabolic dysfunction in hepatic steatosis

et al. 2021

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Pathology of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 11 publications

References 44 publications

Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender

Oleuropein Induces AMPK-Dependent Autophagy in NAFLD Mice, Regardless of the Gender

Clinical Value of Information Entropy Compared with Deep Learning for Ultrasound Grading of Hepatic Steatosis

A human pluripotent stem cell model for the analysis of metabolic dysfunction in hepatic steatosis

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