Pathological features of 78 metastatic or multicentric neoplasms involving the central nervous system in dogs

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Aspectos patológicos e distribuição de 78 neoplasias metastáticas ou multicêntricas envolvendo o sistema nervoso central de caninos.] Neoplasias secundárias envolvendo o sistema nervoso central (SNC) podem ocorrer por via hematógena ou por extensão direta. A ocorrência desta condição vem aumentando devido à expectativa de vida mais longa dos cães, bem como através do uso de quimioterápicos, os quais podem ampliar a sobrevida e, portanto, as chances para a ocorrência de metástases. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os aspectos epidemiológicos, como idade, raça e sexo dos animais afetados, bem como caracterizar os achados macroscópicos e microscópicos de neoplasmas com metástases envolvendo o SNC de 78 caninos e, baseado nestes dados, estimar a ocorrência e a frequência de neoplasias metastáticas ou multicêntricas. Fêmeas (71,79%) foram mais afetadas do que machos, com uma idade média de 9,5 anos e mediana de 10 anos. A maior parte dos casos apresentava distribuição multifocal (73,07%), e neoplasias de origem epitelial (50%) foram as mais frequentes. A localização neuroanatômica mais afetada foi o telencéfalo (61,1%). As neoplasias mamárias foram as mais frequentes (47,44%), seguidas por hemangiossarcoma (19,23%), linfoma (10,26%) e melanoma (6,41%). Osteossarcoma, sarcoma histiocítico e carcinoma pulmonar (2,56%) foram neoplasias menos frequentes. Os tipos de neoplasmas mamários mais observados foram o carcinoma anaplásico e o carcinoma micropapilar, nesses ABSTRACT.-Heck L.C., Cony F.G., Bianchi M.V., Driemeier D., Sonne L. & Pavarini S.P. 2018. Pathological features of 78 metastatic or multicentric neoplasms involving the central nervous system in dogs. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 38 (10)1989-1998. Setor de Patologia Secondary neoplasms affecting the central nervous system (CNS) may occur through blood flow or direct extension. This condition occurrence has increased both due to a longer life expectancy of dogs, as well as with the employment of chemotherapeutics, which may increase the survival period and, thus, the odds of the occurrence of metastasis. The aim of this study was to analyze the epidemiological features, such as the age, breed and sex of the animals affected, as well as the gross and microscopic findings of the metastasis from neoplasms involving the CNS of 78 dogs, and, based on the data, estimate the occurrence and frequency of the metastatic or multicentric neoplasms. Females (71.79%) were most affected than males, with an average age of 9.5-years-old and a median of 10-years-old. Most of the cases had a multifocal distribution (73.07%), and epithelial neoplasms (50%) were the most common. Telencephalon was the most affected neuroanatomical region (61.1%). Mammary neoplasms were the most frequent (47.44%), followed by hemangiosarcoma (19.23%), lymphoma (10.26%) and melanoma (6.41%). Less common neoplasms included osteosarcoma, histiocytic sarcoma and lung carcinoma (2.56%). Mammary neoplasms were mainly composed of anaplastic and micropapillary carcinomas, of which only multifo...

Ophthalmopathologic characterization of multicentric or metastatic neoplasms with an extraocular origin in dogs and cats

“…Mammary gland carcinoma is the most common neoplasm among bitches, 20 and in Brazil, it is the main cause of death in bitches with neoplasms. In addition, it has been described as the main metastatic neoplasm involving the central nervous system of dogs 39 similar to the observation of the present study. Up to 17.2% of bitches in the present study had eye involvement from a systemic metastatic disease, with a multifocal, obliterating distribution within blood vessels of the uveal tract, and mainly with a mild predominance of involvement of the anterior uvea.…”

A Review of Proliferative Vascular Disorders of the Central Nervous System of Animals

“…96 Multifocal disease involving metastatic lesions in the CNS is particularly common in the dog, though is documented in other species. 40,47,52,104,106,112 Hemangiosarcoma is the most frequent cause of metastatic CNS neoplasia in the dog, in one review accounting for 51/177 secondary canine brain tumors, most commonly affecting the cerebrum and resulting in disturbances of mentation. 98 There are two purported cases of primary CNS hemangiosarcoma in the veterinary literature: in the cerebrum of a 6-week-old dog 30 and in the meninges overlying the left olfactory bulb in a juvenile pig.…”

Neoplasias do sistema nervoso central de caninos e felinos: estudo de 20 anos

“…Em ambas as espécies, as neoplasias secundárias foram as de maior ocorrência, representando 70,6% dos casos em caninos e 83,3% nos felinos corroborando com Heck et al (2018) porém diferindo de outros estudos (Troxel et al, 2003;Santos et al, 2012;Spitzbarth et al, 2017;Chaves et al, 2018a;Kishimoto et al, 2020). Assim como observado por Heck et al (2018) a neoplasia secundária de maior ocorrência foi o carcinoma mamário. O principal mecanismo de disseminação dos neoplasmas, observado nesse estudo, foi a metástase, sendo apenas um caso devido a tumor infiltrativo.…”