Pathogenicity of Candida

Mourad, Sah'l; Friedman, Lorraine

doi:10.1128/jb.81.4.550-556.1961

Cited by 53 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…There are several reports in the literature, however, of acquired resistance to C. albicans induced by viable inocula. Mourad and Friedman (20) reported some protective effect if viable C. albicans blastospores were inoculated subcutaneously on six occasions before intravenous challenge. No data were presented on the immune status, e.g., the presence of antibody or delayed-type hypersensitivity, of the animals at the time of the challenge.…”

Section: Gross Pathology In Mice After Intracutaneous Inoculation Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The broth culture was then incubated at 37°C on a gyratory shaker (New Brunswick Scientific Co., New Brunswick, N.J.) at 160 rpm for 16 to 17 h. The cells were harvested by centrifugation and washed three 500 GIGER, DOMER, AND McQUITTY tion were prepared by heating 20 ml of a suspension containing 1 x 108 to 2 x 108 washed cells per ml at 60°C for 30 min. For use, the suspension was diluted with NPS to a final concentration of 1.0 x 107 blastospores per ml.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Experimental murine candidiasis: pathological and immune responses to cutaneous inoculation with Candida albicans

Giger¹,

Domer²,

McQuitty³

1978

Infect Immun

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Cutaneous infection of mice with Candida albicans elicited a predominantly acute inflammatory response, stimulated the production of precipitating antibodies, and conferred protection against subsequent intravenous challenge with the same organism. The acute inflammatory skin reaction seen after cutaneous infection suggested a predominantly humoral response to Candida. Animals infected cutaneously a second time with viable C. albicans developed larger skin lesions than animals infected only once, and the twice-infected animals were more resistant to an intravenous challenge as well. The cutaneous inoculation of mice with heat-killed C. albicans was less effective in stimulating antibody production, in eliciting the inflammatory response, and in inducing a protective response demonstrable by intravenous challenge with viable Candida. This model of experimental candidiasis represents a reproducible means of studying a protective immune response to the organism. times with nonpyrogenic physiological sodium chloride (NPS) (Cutter Laboratories, Berkeley, Calif.). More than 95% of the cells in such suspensions were blastospores. The cells were then quantitated in a hemacytometer, and the counts were verified by diluting and plating the same suspensions with which animals were inoculated. Killed cells for animal inocula-499 on July 16, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from on July 16, 2020 by guest http://iai.asm.org/ Downloaded from

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Section: Gross Pathology In Mice After Intracutaneous Inoculation Witmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental murine candidiasis: pathological and immune responses to cutaneous inoculation with Candida albicans

Giger¹,

Domer²,

McQuitty³

1978

Infect Immun

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“…Heating whole cells at 65 C for several hours destroys viability and toxicity. Mourad and Friedman (1961) found toxic activity in the supernatant fluid and sediment of sonically disrupted cells. We have had some success with separation from whole viable cells but reproducibility has been a problem.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED TOLERANCE TO TOXIC MANIFESTATIONS OFCANDIDA ALBICANS

1963

J Bacteriol

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Hasenclever , H. F. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.) and William O. Mitchell . Endotoxin-induced tolerance to toxic manifestations of Candida albicans . J. Bacteriol. 85: 1088–1093. 1963.—Mice exposed to 425 r total body irradiation failed to become tolerant to Candida albicans toxicity after injection with lipopolysaccharide. Mice injected with lipopolysaccharide and then X-rayed did not demonstrate the tolerant state. An injection of thorium dioxide in mice that had previously received tolerance-inducing amounts of lipopolysaccharide rendered them as susceptible to acute C. albicans toxicity as control mice. A bimodal manifestation of tolerance was noted. Groups of mice given single injections of lipopolysaccharide at 6 or 1 days before challenge demonstrated high levels of tolerance, whereas the tolerance in mice given a single dose at 3 days was negligible. The bimodal effect was not observed in tolerant mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Injections of viable or nonviable pathogenic fungi known to produce tolerance to the toxicity of C. albicans in recipient mice did not produce tolerance to lipopolysaccharide. Serum from mice injected with lipopolysaccharide showed in vitro inhibitory activity for C. albicans .

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“…The role of trauma as a predisposing factor explains prevailance of candidal infection in the third and fourth web spaces which are liable to friction trauma during activity. MOURAD and FRIEDMAN (1961) showed that the pathogenicity of C. albicans varies with individual strains. It seems that the strain prevalent in Egypt has an increased virulence towards human skin since it constitutes not only the main pathogenic organism of the macerated toe webs, but also the most common causative agent of onychomycosis in Egypt (ABDEL-FATTAH et al, 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical and Mycological Study of the Macerated Toe Web in Egypt

Abdallah

Abdel‐Fattah

El‐Mazny

et al. 2009

Mycoses

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Zusammenfassung 448 nicht ausgesuchte ambulante Patienten des Hospitals der Ain Shams‐Universität wurden klinisch auf Pilzbefall‐der Zehengewebe untersucht. 174 davon waren Männer, 274 waren Frauen. Zeichen von Tinea interdigitalis pedis wiesen 54 (= 31,1%) Männer und 92 (= 33,6 %) Frauen auf. Aufgrund dieser orientierenden Voruntersuchung wurden nun 304 Fälle mit klinischen Erscheinungen mykologisch untersucht, 89 Männer und 215 Frauen. Das Alter betrug meist zwischen 11 und 50 Jahren, unter 10 Jahren waren nur 3 Personen, über 50 Jahre deren 12. Das Nativpräparat erwies sich in 112 Fällen als positiv; nicht nur Pilzfäden, sondern auch sicher erkennbare Sproßzellen wurden als “positiv” gewertet. Kulturell wurden in weitaus überlegener Anzahl Hefen der Gattung Candida gezüchtet, insgesamt 64,4 %, nur eine verhältnismäßig geringe Anzahl von Dermatophyten, nämlich 4,6 %, und 10, 5 % Schimmelpilze. Die Differenzierung der Pilze ergab: 164 C. albicans, 4 C. tropicalis, 2 C. stellatoidea, 2 C. catenulata, 24 nicht identifizierte Candida‐Hefen; 12 Trichophyton rubrum und 2 T. mentagrophytes. Die besondere Rolle von C. albicans, die nicht zur normalen, sondern zur pathogenen Hautflora gehört, wird diskutiert. Die enttäuschenden Ergebnisse der Grieofulvinbehandlung bei Hefebefall werden hervorgehoben. Die Behandlung mit Candida‐wirksamen Medikamenten ist erforderlich.

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Pathogenicity of Candida

Cited by 53 publications

References 15 publications

Experimental murine candidiasis: pathological and immune responses to cutaneous inoculation with Candida albicans

Experimental murine candidiasis: pathological and immune responses to cutaneous inoculation with Candida albicans

ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED TOLERANCE TO TOXIC MANIFESTATIONS OFCANDIDA ALBICANS

Clinical and Mycological Study of the Macerated Toe Web in Egypt

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