Pathogenic variability of Moniliophthora perniciosa in three agroecological zones of the cacao region of Bahia, Brazil

Gramacho, Karina Peres; Luz, Edna Dora Martins Newman; Silva, Fernanda Santos da; Lopes, Uilson Vanderlei; Pires, Jose Claudio Linhares; Pereira, Lindolfo Caetano

doi:10.1590/1984-70332016v16n1a2

Cited by 22 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…Another explanation could be that the WB strains prevalent in Brazil (where resistance was reported for Scavina 6) are pathogenically different than those in Ecuador. Indeed, Gramacho et al ( 2016 ) found pathogenicity differences among the isolates that were prevalent in different agroecological zones within Brazil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Larger Chocolate Chip—Development of a 15K Theobroma cacao L. SNP Array to Create High-Density Linkage Maps

Livingstone¹,

Stack²,

Mustiga³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.Has correction 2018-7-16 Has erratum 2018-7-16

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Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is an important cash crop in tropical regions around the world and has a rich agronomic history in South America. As a key component in the cosmetic and confectionary industries, millions of people worldwide use products made from cacao, ranging from shampoo to chocolate. An Illumina Infinity II array was created using 13,530 SNPs identified within a small diversity panel of cacao. Of these SNPs, 12,643 derive from variation within annotated cacao genes. The genotypes of 3,072 trees were obtained, including two mapping populations from Ecuador. High-density linkage maps for these two populations were generated and compared to the cacao genome assembly. Phenotypic data from these populations were combined with the linkage maps to identify the QTLs for yield and disease resistance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Larger Chocolate Chip—Development of a 15K Theobroma cacao L. SNP Array to Create High-Density Linkage Maps

Livingstone¹,

Stack²,

Mustiga³

et al. 2017

Front. Plant Sci.Has correction 2018-7-16 Has erratum 2018-7-16

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“…Global population genetics analyses, using 11 microsatellite markers well-characterized M. perniciosa isolates from biotypes C and S, reported the existence of five host genetically distinct M. perniciosa subpopulations in Brazil [ 9 ]. These genetically differentiated host subpopulations have unique host associations and a high degree of both host and cultivar specificity [ 9 , 10 ]. Isolates originating from cacao always cause infection in cacao plants, but not necessarily on a solanaceous host, whereas some solanaceous isolates, e.g., from Lobeira, proved to be nonpathogenic in cacao [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome sequence and effectorome of Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri subpopulations

et al. 2018

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BackgroundThe hemibiotrophic pathogens Moniliophthora perniciosa (witches’ broom disease) and Moniliophthora roreri (frosty pod rot disease) are among the most important pathogens of cacao. Moniliophthora perniciosa has a broad host range and infects a variety of meristematic tissues in cacao plants, whereas M. roreri infects only pods of Theobroma and Herrania genera. Comparative pathogenomics of these fungi is essential to understand Moniliophthora infection strategies, therefore the detection and in silico functional characterization of effector candidates are important steps to gain insight on their pathogenicity.ResultsCandidate secreted effector proteins repertoire were predicted using the genomes of five representative isolates of M. perniciosa subpopulations (three from cacao and two from solanaceous hosts), and one representative isolate of M. roreri from Peru. Many putative effectors candidates were identified in M. perniciosa: 157 and 134 in cacao isolates from Bahia, Brazil; 109 in cacao isolate from Ecuador, 92 and 80 in wild solanaceous isolates from Minas Gerais (Lobeira) and Bahia (Caiçara), Brazil; respectively. Moniliophthora roreri showed the highest number of effector candidates, a total of 243. A set of eight core effectors were shared among all Moniliophthora isolates, while others were shared either between the wild solanaceous isolates or among cacao isolates. Mostly, candidate effectors of M. perniciosa were shared among the isolates, whereas in M. roreri nearly 50% were exclusive to the specie. In addition, a large number of cell wall-degrading enzymes characteristic of hemibiotrophic fungi were found. From these, we highlighted the proteins involved in cell wall modification, an enzymatic arsenal that allows the plant pathogens to inhabit environments with oxidative stress, which promotes degradation of plant compounds and facilitates infection.ConclusionsThe present work reports six genomes and provides a database of the putative effectorome of Moniliophthora, a first step towards the understanding of the functional basis of fungal pathogenicity.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-4875-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…A segunda, se relaciona com o material genético cultivado: nas últimas duas décadas, clones resistentes à Vassoura de Bruxa (VB) foram plantados em diversas propriedades rurais da região, no entanto, algumas conservaram os materiais genéticos tradicionais na região, para os quais deveria haver o equilíbrio com a população do patógeno vigente. O processo de adaptação aos novos genótipos pode ter causado impacto nessa população, gerando novos indivíduos mais agressivos, como tem ocorrido também para a VB (11,28,30). Uma terceira hipótese explicativa se baseia na possibilidade de recombinação genética na população de P. palmivora ter ocorrido em alguns locais e anos em função de plantios consorciados com outros hospedeiros da espécie e que apresentem os dois tipos de compatibilidade sexual, o que possibilita a geração de novos indivíduos que podem ter maior ou menor agressividade aos hospedeiros de origem.…”

Section: Municípiosunclassified

Morfologia e agressividade de isolados de Phytophthora palmivora de cacaueiro no estado da Bahia

Lessa

Luz²,

Magalhães³

et al. 2020

Summa phytopathol.

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RESUMO Diferentes espécies de Phytophthora são responsáveis por causar uma das doenças mais importantes do cacaueiro, a podridão parda, sendo P. palmivora a espécie predominante e bem distribuída mundialmente. Avaliou-se a morfologia e a agressividade de 100 isolados de P. palmivora, coletados em fazendas de 13 municípios da região cacaueira da Bahia, durante três anos consecutivos. Foram inoculados discos de folhas dos clones Scavina6 (SCA-6), padrão de resistência e SiC-23, padrão de suscetibilidade, com suspensões de cada um dos isolados, provenientes da coleção de Phytophthora Arnaldo Gomes Medeiros do Centro de Pesquisas do Cacau/CEPLAC, à concentração de 3 x 105 zoósporos/ mL. Foi utilizado o método patométrico escala de notas para avaliação da infecção sete dias após a inoculação. Avaliou- se o aspecto das colônias, a produção de esporângios e clamidósporos de cada isolado e foram mensuradas as estruturas de 61 isolados e a determinação do tipo de compatibilidade dos 100 isolados. Observou-se ampla variação na reação dos dois clones de cacaueiro aos isolados de P. palmivora, demonstrando diferentes graus de agressividade entre os mesmos. Esta agressividade não está relacionada ao local ou ano de coleta, pois isolados mais e menos agressivos foram obtidos nos mesmos municípios e anos de coleta. Houve também variação na morfologia das colônias. Os esporângios elipsóides a ovóides apresentaram dimensões médias de 28,3 – 50,5 x 18 – 36,7 ?m, com pedicelos curtos (1,5 – 4,4 µm) e relação comprimento largura variando de 1,1 a 2,2. Os clamidósporos, globosos terminais ou intercalares variaram de 18,4 – 43,5 ?m de diâmetro. Todos os 100 isolados são do tipo compatível A2. A variabilidade observada na agressividade dos isolados terá implicações nos estudos epidemiológicos e na seleção de genótipos resistentes a P. palmivora.

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Pathogenic variability of Moniliophthora perniciosa in three agroecological zones of the cacao region of Bahia, Brazil

Abstract: Pathogenic variability of Moniliophthora perniciosa in three agroecological zones of the cacao region of Bahia, Brazil

Cited by 22 publications

References 12 publications

A Larger Chocolate Chip—Development of a 15K Theobroma cacao L. SNP Array to Create High-Density Linkage Maps

A Larger Chocolate Chip—Development of a 15K Theobroma cacao L. SNP Array to Create High-Density Linkage Maps

Genome sequence and effectorome of Moniliophthora perniciosa and Moniliophthora roreri subpopulations

Morfologia e agressividade de isolados de Phytophthora palmivora de cacaueiro no estado da Bahia

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