“…Lymphangiogenesis has been demonstrated also in cardiac valves in valvulopathies. 3,4 Furthermore, recent clinical studies have demonstrated that cardiac lymphangiogenesis occurs in patients experiencing primary or secondary hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy. 5,6 Lymphatic vessels, located in the epicardium of human fetal hearts, are associated mainly with coronary arteries that produce VEGF-C (vascular endothelial growth factor C), 7 essential for coronary lymphangiogenesis during development.…”