Pathogenic Link Between Hydroa Vacciniforme and Epstein-Barr Virus–Associated Hematologic Disorders

Application of flow cytometric in situ hybridization assay to Epstein–Barr virus‐associated T/natural killer cell lymphoproliferative diseases

“…In some cases, systemic symptoms, including fever, wasting, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly, may be present. (39)(40)(41)(42) In HV-like eruptions, both T and NK cells infiltrate the superficial dermis and the subcutaneous tissue. (10) Recently, we reported three cases of HV-like lymphoma with EBV-infected cd T cells using the FISH assay.…”

Clonal expansion of Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-infected γδ T cells in patients with chronic active EBV disease and hydroa vacciniforme-like eruptions

“…HV has been recently reported to be pathogenically associated with chronic latent EBV infection [7][8][9]. It is also known that patients with CAEBV may present with various cutaneous manifestations including HV-like eruptions [3].…”

“…This condition is increasingly being described in children and adolescents from Asia or Latin America [19]. In these diseases, the EBV-infection is usually thought to occur in T or NK cells, however, precise immunophenotyping and clonality of those cells remains to be elucidated [7][8][9].…”

“…These patients may progress to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma [6]. Accumulating evidence has suggested that both typical and severe HV are associated with latent EBV infection [7][8][9]. In addition,  T cells have 4 recently been demonstrated to be the major cellular target of EBV infection in HV [10][11][12].…”

Hidroa vacciniforme

“…In addition, they proposed that typical and atypical HV were the forms included in the same disease spectrum as EBV-related lymphoproliferative diseases. Similarly, in a study they conducted in 2006, they showed that the amount of EBV-deoxyribonucleic acid in mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood was increased, though no hematologic disorder was present in patients with typical HV and HV-like lesions (7). On the other hand, an increase in EBV-deoxyribonucleic acid levels together with marked "natural killer" cell lymphocytosis and an increase in problems including hypersensitivity to mosquito bites, hemophagocytic syndrome and chronic active EBV infection have been found in the severe HV group (7).…”