Pathogenesis of <i>Staphylococcus haemolyticus</i> on primary human skin fibroblast cells

Eltwisy, Hala O.; Abdel-Fattah, Maha M.; Elsisi, Amani M.; Omar, M.; Abdelmoteleb, Ahmed Aly; El‐Mokhtar, Mohamed A.

doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1809962

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Patients admitted to chest intensive care units are frequently subjected to prolonged antibiotic therapy, which increases the risk of the development of antibiotic resistance, which explains the high rates of antimicrobial resistance observed in our samples [36][37][38][39][40][41]. The increased resistance to multiple antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria presents significant global health-care problems because these MDR Gram-negative pathogens are often not controlled by the available and effective antibiotics [42][43][44].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Emergence of Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Patients Admitted to Chest Intensive Care Unit

et al. 2021

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(1) Background: Colistin is a last-resort antibiotic used in treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative infections. The growing emergence of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) represents a serious health threat, particularly to intensive care unit (ICU) patients. (2) Methods: In this work, we investigated the emergence of colistin resistance in 140 nosocomial E. coli isolated from patients with pneumonia and admitted to the chest ICU over 36 months. Virulence and resistance-related genes and E. coli pathotypes in colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive isolates were determined. (3) Results: Colistin resistance was observed in 21/140 (15%) of the nosocomial E. coli isolates. The MIC50 of the resistant strains was 4 mg/L, while MIC90 was 16 mg/L. Colistin-resistant isolates were also co-resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. The mechanism of colistin resistance was represented by the presence of mcr-1 in all resistant strains. Respectively, 42.9% and 36.1% of colistin-resistant and colistin-sensitive groups were extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producers, while 23.8% and 21% were metallo β-lactamase (MBL) producers. blaTEM-typewas the most frequently detected ESBL gene, while blaIMP-type was the most common MBL in both groups. Importantly, most resistant strains showed a significantly high prevalence of astA (76.2%), aggR (76.2%), and pic (52.4%) virulence-related genes. Enteroaggregative E. coli (76%) was the most frequently detected genotype among the colistin-resistant strains. (4) Conclusion: The high colistin resistance rate observed in E. coli strains isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia in our university hospital is worrisome. These isolates carry different drug resistance and virulence-related genes. Our results indicate the need for careful monitoring of colistin resistance in our university hospital. Furthermore, infection control policies restricting the unnecessary use of extended-spectrum cephalosporins and carbapenems are necessary.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Emergence of Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Patients Admitted to Chest Intensive Care Unit

et al. 2021

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“…Methicillin resistance in a growing problem in coagulates positive and negative staphylococci. 60,61 Interestingly, about half of Staphylococci aureus isolated from ambulance vehicles were MRSA. 52 A recent study from our university hospital also reported that all staphylococci isolated from patients with nosocomial pneumonia were methicillin resistant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Predictors of Severity and Co-Infection Resistance Profile in COVID-19 Patients: First Report from Upper Egypt</p>

Ramadan¹,

Mahmoud²,

Aburahma³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background: The emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulted in a worldwide devastating effect with a diagnostic challenge. Identifying risk factors of severity aids in assessment for the need of early hospitalization. We aimed to demonstrate, for the first time, the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients, to identify the predictors of severity and to describe the antimicrobial resistance profile in patients from Upper Egypt. Materials and Methods: Demographic characters, clinical presentations, laboratory, and radiological data were recorded and analyzed. Presence of other respiratory microorganisms and their sensitivity patterns were identified using the VITEK2 system. Resistance-associated genes were tested by PCR. Results: The study included 260 COVID-19 patients. The majority were males (55.4%) aged between 51 and 70 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and ischemic heart disease were common comorbidities. Main clinical manifestations were fever (63.8%), cough (57.7%), dyspnea (40%) and fatigue (30%). According to severity, 51.5% were moderate, 25.4% mild and 23% severe/critical. Lymphopenia, elevated CRP, ferritin, and D-dimer occurred in all patients with significantly higher value in the severe group. Age >53 years and elevated ferritin ≥484 ng/mL were significant risk factors for severity. About 10.7% of the COVID-19 patients showed bacterial and/or fungal infections. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Staphylococcus aureus were the predominant isolated bacteria while Candida albicans and Candida glabrata were the predominant isolated fungi. All Staphylococci were methicillin-resistant and carried the mecA gene. Gram-negative isolates were multidrug-resistant and carried different resistance-associated genes, including NDM-1, KPC, TEM, CTX-M, and SHV. Conclusion: Older age and elevated serum ferritin were significant risk factors for severe COVID-19. Bacterial co-infection and multidrug resistance among patients with COVID-19 in Upper Egypt is common. Testing for presence of other co-infecting agents should be considered, and prompt treatment should be carried out according to the antimicrobial sensitivity reports.

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“…Presumptive Staphylococcus haemolyticus colonies on mannitol salt agar and blood agar were initially identified by means of clumping factor test, using the Maststaph™ kit (Mast Group Ltd, Liverpool, UK), further identification and confirmation was achieved by Vitek ® 2 system (BioMerieux, Marcy-I'Etoile, France) 4 to distinguish between Staphylococcus hameolyticus and other coagulase-negative staphylococci of clinical relevance (e.g. S. epidermidis, S. hominis and S. lugdunensis).…”

Section: Isolation and Identification Of Staphylococcus Haemolyticusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Staphylococcus haemolyticus is a coagulase-negative common inhabitant of the human skin microbiota that has been recognized as an emerging important opportunistic pathogen 1 . Staphylococcus haemolyticus has been commonly and frequently reported in various nosocomial infections, particularly catheter-associated bacteremia 2 , urinary tract infection 3 , diabetic foot ulcer 4 , device-associated meningitis 5 and wound infections 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report of Multi-drug Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in Nosocomial Infections in North Western Saudi Arabia

Alahmadi¹,

Alahmadey²,

Organji³

et al. 2021

J Pure Appl Microbiol

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We report in this study for the first time the prevalence of multiple resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in clinical settings in Saudi Arabia. A total of 1060 clinical specimens of hospitalized patients were screened for the presence of S. haemolyticus in the period between September and December 2020. Primary identification of the isolates was carried out by colonial characteristics on mannitol salt agar and clumping factor test, confirmation of presumptive isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Vitek® 2, while PCR was employed to detect mecA and vanA genes. A total of 20 S. haemolyticus isolates were recovered from 20 samples (blood cultures, urine, nasal swab, wound swab, groin swab, and axilla swab), 90% (P <0.001, x2) of the isolates were multiple resistant to three antimicrobial agents and more. Resistance to oxacillin was exhibited in 95% of the isolates, while none of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin and linezolid, yet resistance to rifampicin was observed in 30 % of the isolates. The findings of this study highlights the emerging trends of Staphylococcus haemolyticus as potential drug resistant pathogen in hospital settings in Saudi Arabia, which requires in depth investigation on molecular understanding on antimicrobial resistance and virulence traits of the strains.

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Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus haemolyticus on primary human skin fibroblast cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 75 publications

Emergence of Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Patients Admitted to Chest Intensive Care Unit

Emergence of Nosocomial Pneumonia Caused by Colistin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Patients Admitted to Chest Intensive Care Unit

<p>Predictors of Severity and Co-Infection Resistance Profile in COVID-19 Patients: First Report from Upper Egypt</p>

First Report of Multi-drug Resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus in Nosocomial Infections in North Western Saudi Arabia

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