Pathogenesis of Coxsackie Virus Infection

Melnick, Joseph L.; Godman, Gabriel C.

doi:10.1084/jem.93.3.247

Cited by 50 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Studies of Coxsackie A viruses have demonstrated that the pathogenicity of most virus types can be directly detected by intracerebral injections into neonatal mice [23,24]. In our study, a dose of 10 4.0 CCID 50 of the CA16 G20 strain was shown to result in the death of neonatal mice within 7 days after inoculation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 46%

“…Based on our previous work and on other experimental results [23], the immunoprotective efficacy induced by the two virion fractions was evaluated in neonatal mice born from immunized female mice. One day after birth, the neonates of the mice who were mated 28 days after the 2nd immunization were challenged by an intracerebral injection with CA16 (10 4.0 CCID 50 /mouse); the mortality within 7 days after inoculation was recorded and compared with the controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Structure, Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Two Virion Fractions Harvested from Cell Cultures Infected with the CA16 Virus

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Intervirology

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Objectives: To investigate the biological characteristics of the two types of virion fractions of Coxsackievirus A 16 (CA16), which include the real virion fraction and pseudo-virion fraction in their structure, pathogenicity and immunogenicity. Methods: We obtained the two CA16 virion fractions by density gradient centrifugation. The morphology of virion fractions was analyzed by electron microscopy, while the antigenic characteristics and immunogenicity of two virion fractions were determined by ELISA, SDS-PAGE, Western blot, qRT-PCR, and the mouse model of immune response. Results: The two virion fractions contained the major viral antigen components in their structures, showed similar pathogenicity in a neonatal murine model and were capable of inducing an effective primary immune response in adult mice, regardless of the essential distinction between the two virion fractions, which was the cleavage of VP0 to VP2 and VP4. Conclusions: The two CA16 virion fractions showed antigenicity and immunogenicity with inducing a specific immune response in animals.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 46%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure, Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Two Virion Fractions Harvested from Cell Cultures Infected with the CA16 Virus

Huang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2015

Intervirology

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“…A viremia was present for at least 3 days after injection of C virus, and this may have participated in carrying virus to the alimentary tract where it localized. This does not exclude the possibility of C virus multiplying in several tissues in the chimpanzee as happens in mice (22), but it does point to a way by which the alimentary tract may become involved following upon injection of virus as well as through feeding it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Studies of the Virus-Host Relationship in Chimpanzees After Inapparent Infection With Coxsackie Viruses

Melnick

Kaplan

1953

Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Following oral administration of Coxsackie viruses (C viruses) to susceptible chimpanzees, these agents can be isolated from the throat for a period of approximately a week, from the blood for a few days, and from the stools for 2 to 3 weeks or even longer. Animals so infected respond with the formation of specific neutralizing antibodies which are maintained for at least 1 to 2 years. Such chimpanzees are immune when challenged orally with homologous strains of virus. They then excrete virus in the stools for 3 or 4 days (passive transfer); no virus can be recovered from the throats and blood of these animals, and neutralizing antibody levels remain unchanged. Animals immune to one antigenic type of C virus can be infected by feeding a different antigenic type. Following such a heterotypic challenge, virus can again be isolated from the throat, blood, and stools; neutralizing antibodies develop to the new strain. Antibodies to the Texas-1 type of C virus were already present in four chimpanzees upon their arrival in the laboratory from Africa. It was possible to set up intestinal carriage of the Texas-1 virus in these animals and to demonstrate a 10- to 100-fold increase in titer of neutralizing, as well as complement-fixing, antibody. Quantitative titrations of the amount of virus present in the stools and throat were performed. Immediately after the first feeding of virus relatively large amounts can be detected in the stools; the titer drops, but may be maintained for as long as 25 days at 10–2 to 10–3, furnishing evidence that virus multiplication has taken place. Virus in the throat reached the same order of magnitude at first as in the stools but there was a rapid decline to zero in a few days. The Ohio-1 virus differed from the others in that it persisted in the throat as long as in the stools, and in several instances reached a higher titer in the throat. Following homotypic challenge with all types, virus could be detected in the stools for only a relatively short period of time and at low concentration. Virus-neutralizing substances could not be detected in the stools or throat swabs of convalescent animals, at a time when their serum-neutralizing antibody titers were high. Under the limited conditions of the present experiments, C viruses had no effect on the infection of chimpanzees with three different antigenic types of poliomyelitis virus. Both poliomyelitis and C viruses set up independent infections without apparent interaction between them. No enhancement of the poliomyelitis infection took place, as was plain from the fact that none of the infected chimpanzees became paralyzed. a titration of Texas-1 C virus in four chimpanzees revealed that a suspension of infected tissue diluted to 106.0 could cause the development of the carrier state; accidental infection of control animals with other Coxsackie types indicated also that very little virus may be necessary to initiate infection. Seven distinct antigenic types of C virus were inoculated subcutaneously and intramuscularly at the same time into four chimpanzees. The response was the same as that following feeding; virus could be recovered from the throat, blood, and stools, and the animals developed neutralizing antibodies to all seven types of C virus. There was no detectable interference among the viruses. Cortisone did not bring about the reappearance of the virus excretion in chimpanzees previously infected and shown to be intestinal carriers of poliomyelitis and Coxsackie viruses.

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“…Suckling mice can be readily infected with the Barty strain of echovirus 9 and coxsackievirus A9 (Woods et al, 1989;Melnick & Godman, 1951). Infected animals develop flaccid limb paralysis as a result of infection and intragastric administration of a capsid-inhibitor agent is capable of preventing the development of paralysis (Woods et al, 1989;.…”

Section: In Vitro and In Vivo Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral Therapy for Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses

Rotbart

2000

Antivir Chem Chemother

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The picornaviruses are a diverse group of viral pathogens that together comprise the most common causes of infection of humans in the developed world. Within the picornavirus family are three well-known groups of human pathogens -the rhinoviruses, the enteroviruses (including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses and echoviruses) and the hepatoviruses (including hepatitis A virus). This article will focus on the rhinoviruses and enteroviruses, agents for which substantial effort has been expended, and recent successes reported, toward the development of safe and effective antiviral therapy.

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Pathogenesis of Coxsackie Virus Infection

Cited by 50 publications

References 9 publications

The Structure, Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Two Virion Fractions Harvested from Cell Cultures Infected with the CA16 Virus

The Structure, Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Two Virion Fractions Harvested from Cell Cultures Infected with the CA16 Virus

Quantitative Studies of the Virus-Host Relationship in Chimpanzees After Inapparent Infection With Coxsackie Viruses

Antiviral Therapy for Enteroviruses and Rhinoviruses

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