Pasture intake and milk production of dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass with or without corn silage supplementation

Abstract

The use of corn silage to supplement grazing dairy cows can improve milk production and nutrient intake when the substitution rate is low. This enhancement occurs by increasing the total DM intake. The hypothesis tested in this study was that increasing corn silage supplementation level of dairy cows grazing annual ryegrass at medium pasture allowance could increase substitution rate and decrease milk production response. Three supplementation levels (0, 4 and 8 kg DM/day) were compared for dairy cows strip-grazing annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Common). The study was arranged as a 3 × 3 Latin square design, repeated three times using nine Holstein lactating cows. The supplement was a 7 : 1 mixture based on the DM of corn silage and soybean meal and was offered individually twice daily after the morning and afternoon milkings. Each treatment group of cows grazed separately at a common daily pasture allowance of 35 kg DM/cow to ground level. Each experimental period was 12 days, with an 8-day adaptation and a 4-day measurement period. The individual pasture intake was measured from Day 9 to Day 12 using the n-alkane technique. The daily pattern of grazing and ruminating times were measured by visual observations. The supplement DM intake was lower than expected, averaging 3.0 and 4.3 kg DM/day for cows receiving 4 and 8 kg DM/day, respectively. Pasture and supplement energy value were 7.0 and 6.3 MJ of NEL/kg DM, respectively. The substitution rate averaged 0.2 and was unaffected by the supplementation level. The pasture intake was similar for all treatments (14.0 kg of DM/day), and total DM intake and milk production (+0.5 kg of milk/kg DM of supplement) increased linearly with increasing supplementation level. The daily grazing time was shorter by 111 min/day for the supplemented cows than for the unsupplemented cows. Cows grazing the annual ryegrass at medium pasture allowance improved their total DM intake and individual performance when supplemented with corn silage.

Productive and economic response to concentrate supplementation by grazing dairy cows at high stocking

“…Crude protein content of pasture herbage was lower than a report in southern Brazil (20) , and lower than reports of work undertaken in the same study area (21,22) ; but sufficient to meet protein requirements for moderate yielding dairy cows (23) .…”

Energy and tannin extract supplementation for dairy cows on annual winter pastures

“…This would allow an intake of up to 17 kg DM·day -1 for high potential productive cows in the absence of quantitative or structural restrictions (PEYRAUD; DELAGARDE, 2013). In addition, the protein content is within the range described in experiments using ryegrass pastures in the same experimental area (168 to 196 g·kg -1 DM) in previous years (MIGUEL et al, 2014;RIBEIRO-FILHO et al,2007, 2009a.…”

Ryegrass pasture combined with partial total mixed ration reduces enteric methane emissions and maintains the performance of dairy cows during mid to late lactation

“…The milk production of cows that received supplementation with a partial TMR in pasture-based systems was increased compared with that of cows that consumed solely a pasture diet (O'Neill et al, 2012;Miguel et al, 2014). Further per-cow advantages have also been found during periods of low pasture accumulation rate or in areas with low grazing availability (Wales et al, 2013).…”

“…Similarly, under grazing management conditions without restrictions on pasture intake, annual ryegrass must have a pregrazing herbage mass greater than 2,000 kg of DM/ha (Miguel et al, 2014) and a postgrazing leaf lamina height of no less than 10 cm (Ribeiro Filho et al, 2011). In the current study, the pregrazing herbage mass, postgrazing herbage mass, and postgrazing leaf lamina height were, on average, 2,700 kg of DM/ha, 2,060 kg of DM/ha and 10.3 cm, respectively.…”