Past Year Quit Attempts and Use of Cessation Resources Among Cigarette-Only Smokers and Cigarette Smokers Who Use Other Tobacco Products

Schauer, Gillian L.; Pederson, Linda L.; Malarcher, Ann

doi:10.1093/ntr/ntv038

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…There was no difference in intention to quit smoking in the next 6 months between dual users of snus and cigarettes and smokers who had never used snus (Table , columns I and VII). This is consistent with findings from Sweden , and more recently from the United States . However, expectancies of being smoke‐free 5 years into the future were significantly more prevalent among dual users compared to never snus users/current smokers (columns I and VII).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Do never smokers make up an increasing share of snus users as cigarette smoking declines? Changes in smoking status among male snus users in Norway 2003–15

2016

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AimsTo examine how the relative size of six groups of male ever snus users (current and former users of snus who were current, former or never cigarette smokers) varied over time in Norway, and how these groups differ with regard to important measures of tobacco behaviour.DesignRepeated cross‐sectional nationally representative surveys of tobacco use. The association between survey year and the six categories of ever snus use was examined using cross‐tabulation and multinomial logistic regression. Differences in tobacco behaviour across snus use categories were examined using logistic and ordinary least squares (OLS) regression.SettingNorway, 2003–15.ParticipantsA total of 2067 males aged 15–79 years.MeasurementsThe categories of ever snus use represented all six combinations of cigarette smoking (current, former or never) among current and former users of snus. The variables measuring tobacco behaviour were: order of product uptake (snus or cigarettes first), mean cigarette consumption, reduction from daily to occasional smoking, intention to quit cigarettes, future smoking identity and use of snus in latest quit attempt.FindingsDuring the period 2003–15, the relative share of current snus users who had never smoked, and current snus users who were former smokers, increased. The share of dual users, and smokers who were former snus users, decreased. Among men who reported life‐time experience with both products, a large majority had initiated their tobacco use with cigarettes. The average number of cigarettes smoked weekly was lower among dual users compared with current smokers who were former snus users or had never used snus.ConclusionsDuring the period 2003–15 in Norway, which has a mature snus market, even though smoking has declined and the relative size of the category of never‐smokers among male users of snus has increased, the majority of snus users are still former or current smokers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Do never smokers make up an increasing share of snus users as cigarette smoking declines? Changes in smoking status among male snus users in Norway 2003–15

2016

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“…In addition, across all levels of cigarette consumption, dual users were no more likely to successfully quit smoking compared to exclusive cigarette smokers, and tended to relapse more quickly during quit attempts (i.e., cessation attempts are shorter; Messer et al, 2015). Other studies also suggest that OTP use is not associated with successful quit attempts (Popova and Ling, 2013; Schauer et al, 2015a). Rather, OTP use may make quitting harder, perhaps by maintaining nicotine dependence during cessation or reduction attempts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Alternatively, supplementing nicotine intake via potentially “reduced harm” tobacco products (e.g., snus, e-cigarettes) among current smokers may allow these individuals to decrease their consumption of combustible cigarettes (e.g., Gilljam and Galanti, 2003; Adriaens et al, 2011), and could thus reduce the massive public health burden attributed to combustible tobacco. Population-level studies have reported that nondaily smokers , who consume fewer cigarettes and tend to be less dependent than daily smokers on average (Shiffman et al, 2012b, 2012b), may use some OTPs at higher rates (Adkison et al, 2013; Schauer et al, 2015a) compared to daily smokers. In addition, a study on a sample of U.S. college students found that nondaily smokers were more likely to use OTPs compared to daily smokers (Enofe et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While nondaily and daily smokers can be viewed as representing both ends of the smoking continuum, nondaily smokers show some degree of overlap with daily smokers with respect to dependence and are a heterogeneous group (Shiffman et al, 2012b). Furthermore, nondaily smokers differ from daily smokers on a number of sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., nondaily smokers are likely to be younger, better educated, have higher income, and to be ethnic minorities; Ackerson and Viswanath, 2009; Cooper et al, 2010; Shiffman et al, 2012c; Trinidad et al, 2009; Wortley et al, 2003; Zhu et al, 2003), some of which are also correlated with OTP use (e.g., younger individuals are more likely to use OTPs; Fix et al, 2014; Lee et al, 2014; Schauer et al, 2015a). This highlights the utility of adjusting for such demographic differences when examining relationships between OTP use and nondaily smoking status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Use of and reasons for using multiple other tobacco products in daily and nondaily smokers: Associations with cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence

Dunbar

Shadel

Tucker

et al. 2016

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Background Use of other tobacco products (OTPs) among smokers is increasing. Little is known about types of OTP used and the reasons for use, and how OTP use and reasons for use correlate with smoking patterns and nicotine dependence in daily and nondaily smokers. This paper addresses these gaps in the literature. Methods 656 daily smokers and 203 nondaily smokers provided information on their use of different OTPs (hookah, e-cigarettes, chew/snuff, snus, cigars, dissolvables), and reasons for using OTPs (e.g., “to cut down on smoking”), as well as their cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. Logistic regression models assessed the association of smoking status with OTP use (ever and current) and reasons for use. Within each smoking group, separate logistic regression models examined the associations of OTP use and reasons for use with cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence. Results Compared to daily smokers, nondaily smokers were more likely to use hookah and cigars, less likely to use dissolvables, and less likely to endorse using OTPs to reduce their smoking. Among non-daily smokers, nicotine dependence was associated with a higher likelihood of current OTP use (OR=1.04 [95% CI 1.01–1.07]; p < .05), whereas cigarette consumption was not. Conclusions Results suggest OTP use in nondaily smokers does not correlate with less frequent smoking, but may correlate with higher nicotine dependence. Use of combustible OTPs among nondaily smokers may offset any potential benefits achieved through less frequent cigarette consumption. Providers should explicitly address OTP use when discussing cigarette cessation and reduction.

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“…This was due to concern about the ethical implications of providing tobacco to treatment-seeking smokers along with the desire to capture snus use among the group of smokers who are most widely represented in the US/Canadian population (i.e., smokers without intention to quit in the near future) (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011; Cunningham, Kushnir, & McCambridge, 2016; Wewers, Stillman, Hartman, & Shopland, 2003). Nonetheless, some research shows snus use is positively associated with indicators of motivation to quit smoking, including a recent quit attempt (Kalkhoran, Grana, Neilands, & Ling, 2015; Schauer, Pederson, & Malarcher, 2016; Zhu et al, 2013). Given this, the generalizability of this study is limited to “unmotivated” smokers, a group one might expect to have a lower likelihood of snus use than smokers who are ready to quit smoking and view snus as a quit aid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal, naturalistic study of U.S. smokers' trial and adoption of snus

Burris

Wahlquist

Alberg

et al. 2016

Addictive Behaviors

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To refine public health policy amidst a changing landscape of tobacco products in the United States, it is first necessary to describe fully the nature of smokers’ alternative product use. Little research addresses smokers’ snus use, and most studies are limited by small samples, cross-sectional designs, and crude outcome measurement. This study sample includes 626 adult US smokers who denied intention to quit in the next month and were randomized to receive free snus during a 6-week sampling period, after which no snus was provided. Participants were then followed for one year. Outcome data were collected via phone. Participants (mean age: 48.7 years) were predominately female, White non-Hispanic. Eighty-four percent reported trial of snus. Eleven percent reported purchase (i.e., adoption). Current use declined from 47.1% at the end of the sampling period to 6.5% at the end of follow-up. Frequency and quantity of snus use among current users was low. Among snus users, 79.3% said it functioned as an alternative to smoking and 58.4% said it provided a means of coping with smoking restrictions; options not mutually exclusive. In logistic regressions, men were more likely to report trial (odds ratio [OR]=2.33, p < .01) and adoption (OR=1.84, p < .05) than women. Baseline expectations about the nature of snus use also predicted snus outcomes (OR=1.28–1.78, p < .05). Smokers showed willingness to try snus, but product interest waned over time. Snus as currently marketed is unlikely to play a prominent role in US tobacco control efforts.

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Past Year Quit Attempts and Use of Cessation Resources Among Cigarette-Only Smokers and Cigarette Smokers Who Use Other Tobacco Products

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

Do never smokers make up an increasing share of snus users as cigarette smoking declines? Changes in smoking status among male snus users in Norway 2003–15

Do never smokers make up an increasing share of snus users as cigarette smoking declines? Changes in smoking status among male snus users in Norway 2003–15

Use of and reasons for using multiple other tobacco products in daily and nondaily smokers: Associations with cigarette consumption and nicotine dependence

A longitudinal, naturalistic study of U.S. smokers' trial and adoption of snus

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