Past Intestinal Parasites

Bailly, Matthieu Le; Araújo, Adauto

doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.poh-0013-2015

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Our ambitious multi-proxy study encountered limitations, particularly for sensitive bioarchaeological material (mainly aDNA, parasite eggs), but further investigations can be considered in the future, such as to test the presence of the human pathogenic amoeba (Entamoeba histolytica) in the samples; palaeogenetics could also be performed to test the presence of other type of parasite markers (Côté et al 2016;Le Bailly and Araujo 2016). We propose that S isotope data may also be able to corroborate palaeogenetic evidence of mobility, as well as providing new information on its timing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Neolithic Life Reconstruction

Goude¹,

Salazar‐García²,

Power³

et al. 2018

J Archaeol Method Theory

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The expansion of Neolithic stable isotope studies in France now allows distinct regional population-scale food patterns to be linked to both local environment influences and specific economic choices. Carbon and nitrogen isotope values of more than 500 humans and of animal samples also permit hypotheses on sex-biased human provenance. To advance population scale research, we here present the first study that draws together carbon (C), nitrogen (N), sulphur (S) and strontium (Sr), dental calculus, aDNA, and palaeoparasitology analysis to infer intra-population patterns of diet and provenance in a Middle Neolithic population from Le Vigneau 2 (human = 40; fauna = 12; 4720-4350 cal. BC) from north-western France. The data of the different studies, such as palaeoparasitology to detect diet and hygiene, CNS isotopes and dental calculus analysis to examine dietary staples, Sr and S isotopes to discriminate non-locals, and aDNA to detect maternal (mtDNA) versus paternal lineages (Y chromosome), were compared to anthropological information of sex and age. Collagen isotope data suggest a similar diet for all individuals except for one child. The provenance isotopic studies suggest no clear differences between sexes, suggesting both males and females used the territory in a similar pattern and had access to foods from the same environments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Neolithic Life Reconstruction

Goude¹,

Salazar‐García²,

Power³

et al. 2018

J Archaeol Method Theory

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“…Due to the cultural and behavioral changes of humans, the parasitic landscape of the world has been altered and new host systems have been created and novel environments infiltrated [ 3 – 4 ]. In particular, humans have been exposed to an increasing number of zoonotic foodborne parasites throughout our species history due to the close association between humans and domestic animals, encroachment into landscapes previously reserved for wildlife, climate change resulting in modified flora and fauna, revolutions in cooking methods, diet and food availability, and in vogue culinary items expanding throughout societies [ 1 , 3 , 5 , 7 ]. These gastrointestinal pathogens are found worldwide and can lead to diarrhea, malnutrition, problems with the central nervous system/neurological disorders, epilepsy, reproductive and congenital disorders, cancer, and even death [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of zoonotic enteric parasitic diseases among nomadic and pastoral people

Barnes¹,

Davaasuren²,

Baasandagva³

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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IntroductionZoonotic enteric parasites are ubiquitous and remain a public health threat to humans due to our close relationship with domestic animals and wildlife, inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene practices and diet. While most communities are now sedentary, nomadic and pastoral populations still exist and experience unique exposure risks for acquiring zoonotic enteric parasites. Through this systematic review we sought to summarize published research regarding pathogens present in nomadic populations and to identify the risk factors for their infection.MethodsUsing systematic review guidelines set forth by PRISMA, research articles were identified, screened and summarized based on exclusion criteria for the documented presence of zoonotic enteric parasites within nomadic or pastoral human populations. A total of 54 articles published between 1956 and 2016 were reviewed to determine the pathogens and exposure risks associated with the global transhumance lifestyle.ResultsThe included articles reported more than twenty different zoonotic enteric parasite species and illustrated several risk factors for nomadic and pastoralist populations to acquire infection including; a) animal contact, b) food preparation and diet, and c) household characteristics. The most common parasite studied was Echinococcosis spp. and contact with dogs was recognized as a leading risk factor for zoonotic enteric parasites followed by contact with livestock and/or wildlife, water, sanitation, and hygiene barriers, home slaughter of animals, environmental water exposures, household member age and sex, and consumption of unwashed produce or raw, unprocessed, or undercooked milk or meat.ConclusionNomadic and pastoral communities are at risk of infection with a variety of zoonotic enteric parasites due to their living environment, cultural and dietary traditions, and close relationship to animals. Global health efforts aimed at reducing the transmission of these animal-to-human pathogens must incorporate a One Health approach to support water, sanitation, and hygiene development, provide education on safe food handling and preparation, and improve the health of domestic animals associated with these groups, particularly dogs.

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“…or Dicrocoelium sp. (Le Bailly and Araujo, 2016). Since the first histological observation of Schistosoma haematobium by Sir Mark A. Ruffer in Egyptian mummies dated to the 20th dynasty (Ruffer, 1910), the microscopic analysis of eggs is the most usual approach to diagnose helminths preserved in historical contexts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Palaeoparasitology and palaeogenetics: review and perspectives for the study of ancient human parasites

Côté

Bailly

2017

Parasitology

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While some species of parasites can be identified to species level from archaeological remains using microscopy (i.e. Enterobius vermicularis, Clonorchis sinensis), others can only be identified to family or genus level as different species produce eggs with similar morphology (i.e. Tænia sp. and Echinococcus sp.). Molecular and immunological approaches offer the possibility to provide more precise determination at the species level. They can also identify taxa when classic parasite markers such as eggs or cysts have been destroyed over time. However, biomolecules can be poorly preserved and modern reference DNA is available only for a limited number of species of parasites, leading to the conclusion that classic microscopic observation should be combined with molecular analyses. Here we present a review of the molecular approaches used over the past two decades to identify human pathogenic helminths (Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., E. vermicularis, Fasciola sp. etc.) or protists (Giardia sp., Trypanosoma sp., Leishmania sp. etc.). We also discuss the prospects for studying the evolution of parasites with genetics and genomics.

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Past Intestinal Parasites

Cited by 15 publications

References 68 publications

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Neolithic Life Reconstruction

A Multidisciplinary Approach to Neolithic Life Reconstruction

A systematic review of zoonotic enteric parasitic diseases among nomadic and pastoral people

Palaeoparasitology and palaeogenetics: review and perspectives for the study of ancient human parasites

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