Past and potential tsunami sources in the South China Sea: A brief synthesis

Terry, James P.; Winspear, Nigel; Goff, James; Tan, Pei‐Hua

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.02.007

Cited by 57 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…2,3 Global methane hydrates have twice the carbon reserves of proven fossil energies such as oil, coal and natural gas. [6][7][8][9] Scholars from various countries have carried out a lot of research on the mechanical properties of the formation with hydrate, and found that hydrate reservoirs have low strength and strong creep properties. [6][7][8][9] Scholars from various countries have carried out a lot of research on the mechanical properties of the formation with hydrate, and found that hydrate reservoirs have low strength and strong creep properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Limited by hydrate phase equilibrium conditions and geothermal gradients, methane hydrates are mainly distributed in deep seas and permafrost regions, with shallow depth of storage and poor cementation of sediments. [6][7][8][9] Scholars from various countries have carried out a lot of research on the mechanical properties of the formation with hydrate, and found that hydrate reservoirs have low strength and strong creep properties. 10,11 As hydrates play a strong cementation role in the reservoir, differences in hydrate saturation may take a large effect on their creep properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wellbore shrinkage during drilling in methane hydrate reservoirs

Yan

Yang

Yan³

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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Methane hydrates as a clean and abundant energy source, have attracted the attention of the world. However, the instability of hydrate reservoirs makes it difficult to drill production wells. After drilling, the creep properties of hydrate reservoir would cause wellbore shrinkage, which will affect the drilling safety. This study is to analysis law of wellbore shrinkage after a hydrate well drilled. The results demonstrate that wellbore shrinkage mainly results from plastic deformation and creep deformation. The largest and smallest values are separately found in the directions of the maximum and minimum horizontal in‐situ stress. With the increase of initial in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage linearly rise. Under the condition of low horizontal in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage is mainly determined by creep deformation. Under the condition of high horizontal in‐situ stress ratio, wellbore shrinkage commonly depends on plastic deformation and creep deformation. With deepening methane hydrate reservoirs, wellbore shrinkage shows a nonlinear increase. For formations with higher hydrate saturation, larger wellbore shrinkage would occur. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of drilling method while drilling in hydrate formations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wellbore shrinkage during drilling in methane hydrate reservoirs

Yan

Yang

Yan³

et al. 2019

Energy Science & Engineering

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“…The tsunami hazard research in the South China Sea (SCS) has been mostly focused on megathrust earthquakes along the Manila Trench, which is believed to be the primary tsunami source capable of generating basin‐wide tsunami (e.g., L. Li, Switzer, et al, ; L. Li et al, ; Liu et al, ; Megawati et al, ; Sepúlveda et al, ; Terry et al, ). However, recent activity in submarine exploration has produced high‐resolution bathymetric and 2‐D/3‐D seismic data that reveal hundreds of submarine landslides in the continental slopes of the SCS including those observed in the Pearl River Mouth Basin (Chen et al, ; He et al, ; W. Li, Wu, Völker, et al, ; Sun, Alves, et al, ; Sun, Cartwright, et al, ; Sun et al, ; Sun et al, ; Wang et al, ; Wu et al, ), offshore southwest Taiwan (Su et al, ), southeast Hainan (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…W. Li, Alves, et al, 2015;Wang et al, 2013), north Borneo (Gee et al, 2007), and west Luzon (Armada, 2016). These widespread landslides, varying in size from hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers, likely constitute the second-most important tsunami source in the SCS though they have been rarely studied so far (Terry et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tsunamigenic Potential of the Baiyun Slide Complex in the South China Sea

Shi

et al. 2019

JGR Solid Earth

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The Baiyun slide complex contains geological evidence for some of the largest landslide ever discovered in the continental slopes of the South China Sea. High‐resolution seismic data suggest that a variety of landslides with varied scales have occurred repeatedly in this area. The largest landslide reconstructed from bathymetric and seismic data has an estimated spatial coverage of ~5,500 km2 and a conservative volume of ~1,035 km3. Here, using geomorphological and geotechnical data, we construct a series of probable landslide scenarios and assess their tsunamigenic capacity. By treating the slides as deformable mudflows, we simulate the dynamics of landslide movements. The simulated landslide motions match the geophysical observations interpreted in previous studies. Particularly, we are able to reproduce the spatial distribution of observed runout, including the distance, shape, and deposit thickness, for the most credible slide scenario. We investigate tsunami impacts generated by different slide scenarios and highlight the importance of initial water depth, sliding direction, and nearshore bathymetry. The worst‐case scenario is capable of producing basin‐wide tsunami, with maximum wave amplitudes reaching ~5 m near Hong Kong and Macau, 1–3 m in western Philippines, and at least 1 m along central Vietnam, southeast Hainan, and southern Taiwan. The most noticeable phenomenon we observed is that the southern Chinese coast is the hardest‐hit region in all the simulated scenarios regardless of the diverse slide features. We conclude that the persistence of high tsunami impact is caused by the unique bathymetric feature of the wide continental shelf in front of southern China.

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“…Previous work along the eastern side of the Bay of Bangkok discovered the existence of coastal carbonate boulders (CCBs) on the islands of Ko Larn, Ko Khang Khao, and Ko Phai (Terry et al ., , , ). The CCBs were most reasonably deposited by past typhoons as opposed to tsunamis, since there are few if any potential tsunamigenic sources in the Bay of Bangkok or farther afield that could effectively inundate the area (Paris et al ., ; Ruangrassamee & Saelem, ; Tappin, ; Terry et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strongly aligned coastal boulders on Ko Larn island (Thailand): a proxy for past typhoon‐driven high‐energy wave events in the Bay of Bangkok

Terry

Goff

2019

Geographical Research

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Recent studies of elevated carbonate boulder deposits on several rock islands near Bangkok have indicated that Thailand's capital city may not be as protected from typhoon strikes as previously thought. Here, new evidence is presented for past high‐energy wave (HEW) events in the form of statistically significant patterns of boulder alignment on exposed rocky shorelines of Ko Larn island. The long‐axis orientations of 193 coastal sandstone boulders were analysed across four study sites. Several scenarios for the unimodal, bimodal, and polymodal patterns found can be envisaged. Either the most recent HEW event was the strongest—in which case most clasts were rearranged unimodally (one observation site), or the strongest HEW event was earlier and subsequent weaker ones realigned only smaller boulders to produce bimodal or polymodal patterns (three observation sites). Inferred northeastward or eastward onshore flow directions are consistent with palaeo‐typhoons penetrating into the Bay of Bangkok on northwestward curving tracks. The calculated minimum flow velocities required to transport all sampled boulders are 5.5–7.8 m s−1, similar to other findings throughout the Asia‐Pacific region. It was observed that the absence of a fitted boulder geomorphology lends credence to the earlier proposed time frame of 150–200 years between typhoon phases in the upper Gulf of Thailand. The current work has provided additional insights into the characteristics of past HEW events that have a possibility of reoccurring again at some time in the future. Our findings continue to raise awareness for a reassessment of the risks of coastal hazards for the Chao Phraya River delta and densely populated Bangkok, for which storm surge modelling should be an urgent priority, so as to give better perceptions on how typhoon‐driven marine incursion would impact the city.

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Past and potential tsunami sources in the South China Sea: A brief synthesis

Cited by 57 publications

References 70 publications

Wellbore shrinkage during drilling in methane hydrate reservoirs

Wellbore shrinkage during drilling in methane hydrate reservoirs

Tsunamigenic Potential of the Baiyun Slide Complex in the South China Sea

Strongly aligned coastal boulders on Ko Larn island (Thailand): a proxy for past typhoon‐driven high‐energy wave events in the Bay of Bangkok

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