Partial seawater inclusion to improve Litopenaeus vannamei performance in low salinity biofloc systems

Caracterización de la calidad del agua durante el cultivo del camarón Litopenaeus vannamei con agua dulce en el Sur del Ecuador

“…More specifically, Moura et al 25 reported optimal WS development in freshwater systems with 400 mg L -1 of calcium, 380 mg L -1 of potassium, 1350 mg L -1 of magnesium and 10500 mg L -1 of sodium. Araneda et al 26 , in their study analyzing different densities of L vannamei cultivated in fresh water, showing alkalinity of 325 mg L -1 and hardness of 400 mg L -1 . In addition, Jayasankar et al 16 , when analyzing salinity and total hardness, found that the growth and survival of 20day-old PL L. vannamei exposed to 30 ‰ salinity and 6600 mg L -1 hardness, was significantly higher than those organisms exposed to 5 ‰ and 1400 mg L -1 hardness, with a lower performance at 1.5 salinity and 450 mg L -1 hardness.…”

Relationship between osmoregulation and growth patterns of Scylla serrata gonad maturity levels in tapak mangrove waters, Semarang, Indonesia

“…Measurement of the electrolyte content in the water medium was carried out ex situ in the laboratory using an electrolyte Counter-Osmometer. Cations, such as Cl -, Sodium (Na + ), Magnesium (Mg + ), Calcium (Ca + ), Potassium (K + ), Chloride anions (Cl), Sulfate (SO4 2 ), and Bicarbonate (HCO3), are the most abundant salt ions in seawater [8]. The ions measured in the study were Na + , Mg + , Ca + , K + , and Cl, with the number of Na + and Clions being the most dominant (Table 2).…”

Penaeus vannamei inland farming: Perspectives and opinions

“…Among the technologies that can be adopted to maximize production and minimize environmental impacts are the use of culture systems with minimal or no water exchange (with reuse) based on fertilization with organic carbon sources (e.g., molasses, sugar and fermented vegetable bran) and inorganic carbon as a fertilization strategy. 20,35,36 These systems provide a reduction in the effluent emission frequency to the environment, as fertilization based on organic and inorganic carbon favours the nitrogen cycling to less toxic compounds such as nitrate, providing the adoption of higher stocking densities while increasing system biosecurity. 59,60 In addition, the use of these systems contributes to improving zootechnical indices (increased productivity and reduced feed conversion ratio), when compared to traditional culture systems, reducing the use of area and the risk of contamination or soil salinization, because culture units are fully lined.…”

“…13,14,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] As a recent example, Pimentel et al 20 and de Oliveira et al 35 demonstrated that the dilution of seawater in freshwater (salinity $2.5 g L À1 ) did not compromise the adaptation of post-larvae to these culture conditions and did not limit P. vannamei juvenile production at a high stocking density (2000 shrimp m À3 ). De Moura et al 36 found that the inclusion of 3% seawater in an intensive nursery (1000 shrimp m À3 ) provided acceptable survival (>90%), suggesting this strategy could be employed to mitigate the effects of ionic imbalance in low salinity water.…”