Partial canopy loss of mangrove trees: Mitigating water scarcity by physical adaptation and feedback on porewater salinity

Peters, Ronny; Lovelock, Catherine E.; López‐Portillo, Jorge; Bathmann, Jasper; Wimmler, Marie-Christin; Jiang, Jiang; Walther, Marc; Berger, Uta

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106797

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…With the BETTINA model, we simulated the growth of nine individual mangrove trees under different salinity conditions, ranging between 0 and 80 psu, while all other environmental and tree-specific conditions were kept constant. Simulation time was 200 years so that trees could achieve very close to their maximum possible size, and the hydrological parameters were similar to that reported previously 42 . We can show that the ratio of the actual transpiration to the potential transpiration decreases with increasing salinity; plants use less water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

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Mangroves provide blue carbon ecological value at a low freshwater cost

Krauss

Lovelock

Chen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Abstract“Blue carbon” wetland vegetation has a limited freshwater requirement. One type, mangroves, utilizes less freshwater during transpiration than adjacent terrestrial ecoregions, equating to only 43% (average) to 57% (potential) of evapotranspiration ($$ET$$ ET ). Here, we demonstrate that comparative consumptive water use by mangrove vegetation is as much as 2905 kL H2O ha−1 year−1 less than adjacent ecoregions with $${E}_{c}$$ E c -to-$$ET$$ ET ratios of 47–70%. Lower porewater salinity would, however, increase mangrove $${E}_{c}$$ E c -to-$$ET$$ ET ratios by affecting leaf-, tree-, and stand-level eco-physiological controls on transpiration. Restricted water use is also additive to other ecosystem services provided by mangroves, such as high carbon sequestration, coastal protection and support of biodiversity within estuarine and marine environments. Low freshwater demand enables mangroves to sustain ecological values of connected estuarine ecosystems with future reductions in freshwater while not competing with the freshwater needs of humans. Conservative water use may also be a characteristic of other emergent blue carbon wetlands.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…To expand on this idea mechanistically, we applied the BETTINA Model 41 , which was previously parameterized for a widely adapted and globally distributed mangrove genus, Avicennia 42 . Simulations provide theoretical estimations of individual tree water use versus tree size and salinity given adequate water and light resources (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mangroves provide blue carbon ecological value at a low freshwater cost

Krauss

Lovelock

Chen

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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“…ABMs are tailored at simulating organism-based processes [33,34,36]. They make it possible to predict the effect of environmental changes on communities, and even ecosystems, by modeling organismal adaptations to local biotic and abiotic changes [34,48,70].…”

Section: Exploring Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the predictability of ecology in a changing world: A call for an organism-based approach

Musters

DeAngelis

Harvey

et al. 2023

Front. Appl. Math. Stat.

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Ecology is usually very good in making descriptive explanations of what is observed, but is often unable to make predictions of the response of ecosystems to change. This has implications in a human-dominated world where a suite of anthropogenic stresses are threatening the resilience and functioning of ecosystems that sustain mankind through a range of critical regulating and supporting services. In ecosystems, cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to elucidate because of complex networks of negative and positive feedbacks. Therefore, being able to effectively predict when and where ecosystems could pass into different (and potentially unstable) new states is vitally important under rapid global change. Here, we argue that such better predictions may be reached if we focus on organisms instead of species, because organisms are the principal biotic agents in ecosystems that react directly on changes in their environment. Several studies show that changes in ecosystems may be accurately described as the result of changes in organisms and their interactions. Organism-based theories are available that are simple and derived from first principles, but allow many predictions. Of these we discuss Trait-based Ecology, Agent Based Models, and Maximum Entropy Theory of Ecology and show that together they form a logical sequence of approaches that allow organism-based studies of ecological communities. Combining and extending them makes it possible to predict the spatiotemporal distribution of groups of organisms in terms of how metabolic energy is distributed over areas, time, and resources. We expect that this “Organism-based Ecology” (OE) ultimately will improve our ability to predict ecosystem dynamics.

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“…A fifth mechanism that reduces carbon uptake at the whole‐plant scale is crown dieback, or foliage loss (Figure 4; Munns & Termaat, 1986), which is commonly observed during the formation of ghost forests (Lovelock et al, 2017; Peters et al, 2021; Zhang, Wang, et al, 2021). Crown loss is driven by both hydraulic failure through severe reductions in water supply leading to cellular cytorrhysis and carbon starvation through the above‐mentioned mechanisms of reduced photosynthesis that drive a net negative carbon balance, again leading to cytorrhysis (McDowell et al, 2022).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying Mortality From Hypoxia and Salinitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody‐plant mortality

McDowell

Ball

Bond‐Lamberty

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Observations of woody plant mortality in coastal ecosystems are globally widespread, but the overarching processes and underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This knowledge deficiency, combined with rapidly changing water levels, storm surges, atmospheric CO 2 , and vapor pressure deficit, creates large predictive uncertainty regarding how coastal ecosystems will respond to global change. Here, we synthesize the literature on the mechanisms that underlie coastal woody-plant mortality, with the goal of producing a testable hypothesis framework. The key emergent mechanisms underlying mortality include hypoxic, osmotic, and ionic-driven reductions in whole-plant hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis that ultimately drive the coupled processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation. The relative importance of these processes in driving mortality, their order of progression, and their degree of coupling depends on the characteristics of the anomalous water exposure, on topographic effects, and on taxa-specific variation in traits and trait acclimation. Greater inundation exposure could accelerate mortality globally; however, the interaction of changing inundation exposure with elevated CO 2 , drought, and rising vapor pressure deficit could influence mortality likelihood. Models of coastal forests that incorporate the frequency and duration of inundation, the role of climatic drivers, and the processes of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation can yield improved estimates of inundation-induced woody-plant mortality.

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Partial canopy loss of mangrove trees: Mitigating water scarcity by physical adaptation and feedback on porewater salinity

Cited by 7 publications

References 41 publications

Mangroves provide blue carbon ecological value at a low freshwater cost

Mangroves provide blue carbon ecological value at a low freshwater cost

Enhancing the predictability of ecology in a changing world: A call for an organism-based approach

Processes and mechanisms of coastal woody‐plant mortality

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