Parenting and Its Influence on Child Behaviour

Abstract

BACKGROUNDParenting is the process of giving care to the young and preparing them to face the challenges of life. Diana Baumrind introduced the models of parenting, authoritative, authoritarian and permissive depending on the level of demandingness and responsiveness. Defective parenting is associated with problem behaviours in children. This study was undertaken to find out which parenting style is least associated with behavioural problems and what are the problems associated with the different parenting style.

Parental Discipline and Child Psychosocial Outcomes in Iraq and Kurdistan: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Sample

“…We found that when children were not exposed to any discipline from their caregivers, they were more likely to experience the majority of negative psychosocial outcomes. This finding is congruent with previous findings regarding of permissive parenting styles (e.g., Antony & Vadakedom, 2017) and suggests that children need structure and guidance as part of their development, and that neglectful parenting (i.e., letting children do anything they want without supervision and adequate discipline) can exert deleterious effects on children.…”

“…Our results show strong support for this hypothesis, and are congruent with the literature on the link between authoritarian parenting styles, harsh discipline, and detrimental outcomes (Antony & Vadakedom, 2017). Children who experienced serious and minor physical punishment were more likely to struggle with 7 of the 10 negative outcomes that we measured.…”

“…In conclusion, our study revealed that the negative impacts of physical and psychological aggression as a form of parental discipline were also observed in the Middle-East, based on data on Iraqi and Kurdish Youth. Importantly, our study's findings replicate, and comport with, the majority of prior research (Antony & Vadakedom, 2017;Ferguson, 2013;Gershoff & Grogan-Kaylor, 2016;McNeeley & Warner, 2015;Paolucci & Violato, 2004), which suggests that harsh parental discipline and neglectful parenting exerts deleterious effects on children, irrespective of physical location. This is particularly important given that the relationship between corporal punishment of any type and externalizing behavior disorders remains a point of contention across countries and within the literature (Laible et al, 2020).…”

“…Proponents of this style further maintain that when discipline (including but not limited to some forms of physical discipline, such as corporal punishment) is used in a sparing but efficacious manner, it is associated with increased short-term compliance and a reduced likelihood of exhibiting socially undesirable behaviors among children (Baumrind, 2012;Larzelere, 1996Larzelere, , 2000. Conversely, both authoritarian (e.g., low parental warmth and high control) and permissive styles (e.g., high parental warmth and low control) of parenting have been associated with harsh, abusive, or otherwise negligent disciplinary practices, and may contribute to the onset of negative behavioral outcomes among children (Antony & Vadakedom, 2017).…”

Stimulasi Kemampuan Bahasa Anak Usia 4-6 Tahun melalui Pola Asuh Orang Tua

“…Ketika orang tua dan anak berinteraksi secara positif, persepsi anak terbentuk, mereka dibimbing dan perilaku negatif mereka dikurangi, serta kemampuan dan keterampilan mereka ditingkatkan. (Jiji MaryAntony, 2017).…”