Parenteral nutrition supplemented with short-chain fatty acids: effect on the small-bowel mucosa in normal rats

Koruda, Mark J.; Rolandelli, Rolando H.; Bliss, Donna Z; Hastings, J C; Rombeau, John L.; Settle, R. Gregg

doi:10.1093/ajcn/51.4.685

Cited by 127 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Initial evidence for SCFAs enhancing nutritional absorption came from studies on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for short-bowel syndrome (SBS). Supplementation of SCFAs to TPN prevented TPN associated mucosal atrophy (26) and increased the intestinal absorption of glucose (27). The underlying mechanisms include the induction of nutrient transporters such as GLUT2 in enterocytes (27,28), the induction of enterocyte proliferation and the inhibition of apoptosis (29).…”

Section: Hypothetical Mechanism 1: Elevated Energy Extraction In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

2014

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Section: Hypothetical Mechanism 1: Elevated Energy Extraction In the mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

2014

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“…SCFA are normally absorbed by the colonocyte and are either locally used as fuel for the colonic mucosal epithelial cells or enter the portal bloodstream (2,3). Production of SCFA in the bowel is important for normal intestinal biology such as water and salt absorption in the colon and energy salvation, and may also play important role in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier (4,5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model of Intestinal Barrier

et al. 2007

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Production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the intestinal lumen may play an important role in the maintenance of the intestinal barrier. However, overproduction/accumulation of SCFA in the bowel may be toxic to the intestinal mucosa and has been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). By using a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of intestinal barrier, we report here that the effect of butyrate on the intestinal barrier is paradoxical. Butyrate at a low concentration (2 mM) promotes intestinal barrier function as measured by a significant increase in transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and a significant decrease in inulin permeability. Butyrate at a high concentration (8 mM) reduces TER and increases inulin permeability significantly. Butyrate induces apoptosis and reduces the number of viable Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Intestinal barrier function impairment induced by high concentrations of butyrate is most likely related to butyrate-induced cytotoxicity due to apoptosis. We conclude that the effect of butyrate on the intestinal barrier is paradoxical; i.e. whereas low concentrations of butyrate may be beneficial in promoting intestinal barrier function, excessive butyrate may induce severe intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis and disrupt intestinal barrier. (Pediatr Res 61: 37-41, 2007)

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“…Previous studies have also demonstrated the effect of SCFA on distal sections of the intestine (Sakata, 1987). A trophic effect in rodent small intestines was also observed with intravenous infusion of SCFA (Koruda et al, 1990). SCFA are rapidly absorbed by intestinal mucous membranes and their effects on distal sections of the alimentary tract may be explained by mediation of the autonomic nervous and cardiovascular system (Reilly et al, 1993;Frankel et al, 1994;Ichikawa et al, 2002).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

Miśta¹,

Piekarska²,

Houszka³

et al. 2010

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:The influence of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) on histopathological changes in the small intestine and the intensity of invasion of T. spiralis in mice were investigated in this study. The animals were infected with doses of 500 and 250 T. spiralis larvae per mouse. A SCFA solution containing acetic, propionic and butyric acid (30 : 15 : 20mM) was administered orally to the mice starting from the 5 th day before infection to the 20 th day after infection (day). Fragments of the jejunum collected during dissection on the 7 th and 10 th day were used to prepare specimens to assess the histopathological changes. In the infected animals, the intestinal trichinellae were counted on the 7 th and 10 th day, while on the 42 nd day the muscle larvae number were determined. The strongest host reaction in the intestine was observed on the 7 th day at a dose of T. spiralis 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day at a dose of 250 larvae. Numerous inflammatory infiltrations, strong shortening of the intestinal villi, extension of the intestinal crypts, and the lowest ratio of the villi length to the intestinal crypts depth were observed. The ratio was 1.3 ± 0.3 on the 7 th day at a dose of 500 larvae, and on the 10 th day, at dose of 250 larvae the ratio reached 1.5 ± 0.5. Both values differed significantly from the control group: 3.3 ± 0.5 (P < 0.01). Administration of SCFA to the animals infected with T. spiralis caused remission of local histopathological changes resulting from the presence of the parasite in the small intestine after the mentioned periods. This manifested as limited villi shortening and reduced deepening of intestinal crypts. At the higher infectious dose, in animals receiving the acid solution, on the 7 th day the intestinal villi were considerably longer (356 µm ± 35) than in the group infected with T. spiralis but not treated with the acids (279 µm ± 57; P < 0.01). At a lower dose of parasites, on the 10 th day these values were 339 µm ± 88 and 306 µm ± 47 respectively and the observed differences were not statistically significant. The solution of SCFA also caused a decrease in the numbers of mature parasites in the intestine and the muscle larvae at a dose of 500 larvae/mouse. In animals receiving the SCFA, 24 050 ± 10 415 larvae were observed in muscles, while in the infected mice, which did not receive the acids, 32 875 ± 16 762 larvae were detected (P < 0.05). An increase in the intensity of infection accelerated the rate of host reaction to the presence of T. spiralis in the intestines (self-cure). To summarize, the administered solution of short chain fatty acids alleviated the formation of histopathological changes in the intestine in response to the parasite's presence, and lowered the intensity of T. spiralis invasion after infection with a higher dose of larvae.

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Parenteral nutrition supplemented with short-chain fatty acids: effect on the small-bowel mucosa in normal rats

Cited by 127 publications

References 34 publications

Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

Gut microbiome and nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases

Effects of Butyrate on Intestinal Barrier Function in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model of Intestinal Barrier

The influence of orally administered short chain fatty acids on intestinal histopathological changes and intensity of Trichinella spiralis infection in mice

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