Parenteral Nutrition in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

Neonatal parenteral nutrition (PN) is readily available in many hospitals and plays an essential role in the management of sick and growing preterm and term infants. PN can be used as the sole source of nutrition support for infants who cannot be fed or as an adjunct to enteral feeding. Preterm infants are a particularly vulnerable population because they are born at a time, if they had remained in utero, of rapid intrauterine brain and body growth. The impact of early malnutrition can have long-lasting negative effects on central nervous system development and growth. Despite this, PN is often provided to preterm infants based on local traditions rather than experimental evidence. The quality of PN and its early initiation are critical in providing the most adequate substrates for appropriate development. This article reviews the energy and fluid requirements of infants and presents by component (protein, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals such as calcium and phosphorus, trace elements, and multivitamins) the available literature on neonatal PN and its complications. In addition, suggested guidelines for PN administration for preterm and term neonates are presented.

The Long Term Follow-Up of Body Mass Indexes of Neonatal Surgical Patients Fed with Total Parenteral Nutrition

“…The success in pediatric surgery is related to the preoperative and postoperative intensive care in addition to the right surgical indication and techniques. 4,6 CONCLUSION It was observed that BMI values were under the standards of WHO in NBs fed TPN and followed until the first age in our study. We think that monitoring of growth hand development values of the greater number of babies fed TPN was rather beneficial to catch the standards during childhood.…”

“…6,9 The aim of studying of the growth and development in children is to protect the rights of children ensuring their physical, mental social and emotional developments. 2 The early use of aminoacids accelerates the growth and it affects the neuro-growth outcomes positively.…”

“…[1][2][3] Therefore, the essential part of the treatment protocol consists of TPN in many newborn intensive care units (NICUs). [4][5][6] Complication rates are considered low during TPN and TPN does not affect the rate of mortality during major surgical procedures in patients with nutritional disorders.…”

Prácticas de prescripción de nutrición parenteral neonatal en Portugal

“…Todas las unidades inician la glucosa en NP a las dosis recomendadas en función de la madurez del recién nacido 5,15 , tal como en otros países 5 . En el pretérmino, la mayoría adopta la dosis máxima de 13 mg/kg/min, considerado como límite de oxidación de la glucosa 5,6 .…”

Application of Parenteral Nutrition in Premature Infants

“…Данная «агрессивная» тактика с применением высоких доз белка имитирует объем поступления питательных веществ как при внутриутробном развитии плода соответствующего периода гестации, существенно снижая риск нарушений физического и нервно-психического развития в дальней-шем. «Агрессивная» тактика питания хорошо переносится детьми с ОНМТ и ЭНМТ и обеспечивает адекватные тем-пы физического развития в постнатальном периоде без неблагоприятных исходов [47].…”