Parathyroid Hormone Secretion and Receptor Expression Determine the Age-Related Degree of Osteogenic Differentiation in Dental Pulp Stem Cells

Abstract

Objective: To demonstrate the levels of parathyroid hormone secretion and genetic expressions of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH1 receptor (PTH1R) genes in the dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) from different age groups before and after induction of osteogenic differentiation. In addition, we also wanted to check their correlation with the degree of osteogenic differentiation. Methods: Human primary DPSCs from three age groups (milk tooth (SHEDs), 7–12 years old; young DPSCs (yDPSCs), 20–40 years old; old DPSCs (oDPSCs), 60+ years old) were characterized for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) markers. DPSCs were subjected to osteogenic differentiation and functional staining. Gene expression levels were analyzed by qRT-PCR. Surface receptor analysis was done by flow cytometry. Comparative protein levels were evaluated by ELISA. Results: All SHEDs, yDPSCs, and oDPSCs were found to be expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers. SHEDs showed more mineralization than yDPSCs and oDPSCs after osteogenic induction. SHEDs exhibited higher expression of PTH and PTH1R before and after osteogenic induction, and after osteogenic induction, SHEDs showed more expression for RUNX2, ALPL, and OCN. Higher levels of PTH were observed in SHEDs and yDPSCs, and the number of PTH1R positive cells was relatively lower in yDPSCs and oDPSCs than in SHEDs. After osteogenic induction, SHEDs were superior in the secretion of OPG, and the secretions of ALPL and PTH and the number of PTH1R positive cells were relatively low in the oDPSCs. Conclusions: The therapeutic quality of dental pulp stem cells is largely based on their ability to retain their stemness characteristics. This study emphasizes the criterion of aging, which affects the secretion of PTH by these cells, which in turn attenuates their osteogenic potential.

Additive Manufacturing of Caffeic Acid-Inspired Mineral Trioxide Aggregate/Poly-ε-Caprolactone Scaffold for Regulating Vascular Induction and Osteogenic Regeneration of Dental Pulp Stem Cells

“…Lastly, OC is a main non-collagenous component synthesized by osteoblast during bone regeneration [ 52 ]. Moreover, some studies indicated that aging affected the expression of PTH and PTH1R and thwarted their protein translation that had been shown to regulate and augment the osteogenic differentiation of various hDPSCs [ 53 ]. These results showed that CA-modified MTA could enhance in vitro osteogenesis which was hypothesized to be due to increased cellular proliferation and VEGF and Ang-1 expressions as seen above.…”

The Expression and Regulatory Roles of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Periodontal Ligament Cells: A Systematic Review

“…For example, Qu et al [ 35 ] and Zhang et al [ 29 ] examined three osteogenic-induced and three non-induced samples, whereas some authors did not mention the number of samples tested, and the period of osteogenic induction varied widely (3, 5, 7, or 14 days) between studies. It has been suggested that aging can affect the characteristics of the regenerative potentials of dental-derived stem cells [ 87 , 88 ]. Moreover, differences in library preparation, sequencing techniques, and methods of analysis may also have led to the variations in the results.…”

Non-Thermal Atmospheric Pressure Plasma-Conditioned Root Dentin Promotes Attraction and Attachment of Primary Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Real-Time Ex Vivo

“…Exogenous NO promoted DPSC differentiation into odontoblasts and induced tertiary dentin formation in rats [34]. Therefore, NTAPP's effects on differentiation could be expanded to guide endocrine/paracrine conditioned cells toward various osteogenic/chondrogenic lineages [35,36]. Long term observation using HTM will be required to trace these subcellular changes during differentiation.…”