Parasites of Singapore Mosquitoes, With Particular Reference to the Significance of Larval Epibionts as an Index of Habitat Pollution

Laird, Marshall

doi:10.2307/1930031

Cited by 32 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…Many suctorians are reported on a range of support species, where increased predation success of the suctorian may be facilitated by movement (Henebry & Ridgeway, 1979). Laird (1959) suggested that this may account for the fact that epizoic suctorians on mosquito larvae were often larger than individuals of the same species occurring on inert substrata, size being a possible index of predatory efficiency. Dispersal stages of sessile epibionts and motile protozoan epizooites are potential prey ( Fig.…”

Section: Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epibionts of Asellus aquaticus(L.) (Crustacea, Isopoda): an SEM study

1998

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1. This study presents a qualitative and quantitative survey of epibionts infesting two populations of the freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus (L.). Using scanning electron microscopy, the prevalence, mean intensity, abundance, spatial preferences and distribution of organisms on various external surfaces were ascertained. 2. A diverse community, consisting primarily of protozoa and rotifers, utilised A. aquaticus as a substrate organism. Every individual A. aquaticus supported some form of epizoic life. Peritrich species comprised 89.2% of all epibionts. Carchesium polypinum, Pseudocarchesium aselli, Pseudocarchesium asellicola, Pseudocarchesium simulans and Opercularia hebes dominated the epifauna. 3. Highest epibiont burdens occurred on the mouthparts, the first few ventral segments and the gills and largely comprised the above peritrich species. Most epibionts exhibited some degree of site preference on the host. A distinct gill epifauna existed. Apart from Acineta tuberosa and Vorticella rotunda, which had equal prevalences on dorsal and ventral surfaces in one culture, most species largely avoided the dorsal surface. 4. Epibionts exhibited varying degrees of adaptation to life on a living substrate. They ranged from facultative species such as A. tuberosa, which are capable of colonising abiotic substrata, to Gymnodinoides aselli whose life cycle relies on interaction with A. aquaticus. Highly specialised species tended to exhibit the most pronounced and consistent site restriction. 5. Asellus aquaticus offers a highly tractable system for further study of substrate species–epibiont relationships.

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Section: Species Richnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epibionts of Asellus aquaticus(L.) (Crustacea, Isopoda): an SEM study

1998

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“…Some findings indicate that other bloodsucking insects, e.g. mosquitoes (Sinton & Shute, 1939;Laird, 1959;Magnarelli et al, 1986;Magnarelli & Anderson, 1988;Halouzka, 1993;Stanczak et al, 1995), tabanid flies Magnarelli & Anderson, 1988;Doby et al, 1990), fleas (Doby et al, 1991) and lice (Stanczak et al, 1995) could be infected with borreliae and so might play a role in their ecology and the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis (Doby et al, 1986;Stanek et al, 1986;Luger, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of the spirochaete Borrelia afzelii from the mosquito Aedes vexans in the Czech Republic

Halouzka¹,

Postić

Hubálek³

1998

Medical Vet Entomology

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During the years 1993-1995, a total of 3580 culicine mosquitoes of six species were collected in South Moravia, Czech Republic, and examined by dark-field microscopy for the presence of borreliae. Females of Aedes cantans, Ae. sticticus, Ae. vexans, Culex pipiens and Cx pipiens biotype molestus (but not Ae. geniculatus or Culiseta annulata) harboured spirochaetes, the frequencies ranging from 0.7% to 7.8%. One isolate (BR-53) from Ae. vexans was identified as Borrelia afzelii genospecies. The potential role of mosquitoes in the epidemiology of Lyme borreliosis should be investigated.

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“…Ciliate epibionts can live on a variety of aquatic metazoan species including invertebrates and vertebrates (Kahl, 1935;Goodrich & Jahn, 1943;Laird, 1959;Baldock, 1986;Smith, 1986;Foissner et al, 1992Foissner et al, , 1999Moss et al, 2001;Regali-Seleghim & Godinho, 2004). Despite their wide occurrence, the majority of the studies have emphasized morphological and taxonomical aspects, with only a few focusing on the spatial and temporal occurrence of epibiosis and the quantitative aspects of this relationship (Baldock, 1986;Xu, 1992;Fernandez-Leborans et al, 1997;Hanamura, 2000;Utz & Coats, 2005;Dias et al, 2008Dias et al, , 2009.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Peritrich ciliates live as epibionts on a variety of species of aquatic metazoans, including various groups of invertebrates and vertebrates, such as: sponges, cnidarians, rotifers, tardigrades, crustaceans, annelid worms, insect larvae, molluscs, fishes, tadpoles, and freshwater turtles (Kahl, 1935;Goodrich & Jahn, 1943;Laird, 1959;Corliss, 1979;Foissner et al, 1992Foissner et al, , 1999Fernandez-Leborans & Tato-Porto, 2002). Most ciliates of the genus Rhabdostyla Kent, 1880 (Peritrichia, Epistylididae) live as epibionts on freshwater invertebrates, such as crustaceans (cladocerans, copepods, and ostracods), insects in the orders Ephemeroptera and Diptera (Chironomidae) and annelid worms (Oligochaeta) (Kahl, 1935;Precht, 1935;Nenninger, 1948;Regali-Seleghim & Godinho, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal occurrence of Rhabdostyla cf. chironomi Kahl, 1933 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) as an epibiont on chironomid larvae in a lotic system in the neotropics

et al. 2010

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In order to show how environmental factors could influence the spatial and temporal distribution of epibiosis, we investigated the occurrence of the ciliate Rhabdostyla cf. chironomi (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) attached to Chironomidae larvae in an urban stream in southeast Brazil. Samples were collected monthly for 1-year period at five sampling stations along the stream. Among the 24 genera analyzed, the genus Chironomus was the most abundant, with 16.84% carrying R. cf. chironomi. This epibiotic relationship was only recorded in sample stations located in a heavily populated urban area of the stream. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant correlations between infestation prevalence and environmental parameters such as rainfall, bacterial density, and host abundance. The occurrence of epibionts on the larvae was spatially and temporally heterogeneous. The results are discussed in terms of possible factors related to the heterogeneous spatial and temporal occurrence. Greater understanding of the ecological factors governing the occurrence of the epibiont-host relationship is essential to establish future use of this relationship as water quality indicator in lotic systems.

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Parasites of Singapore Mosquitoes, With Particular Reference to the Significance of Larval Epibionts as an Index of Habitat Pollution

Abstract: shown that this name, used by numerous authors for the Malayan subspecies of C. trito;eniorhynchus, is a synonym of C. t. summorosus Dyar.

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Epibionts of Asellus aquaticus(L.) (Crustacea, Isopoda): an SEM study

Epibionts of Asellus aquaticus(L.) (Crustacea, Isopoda): an SEM study

Isolation of the spirochaete Borrelia afzelii from the mosquito Aedes vexans in the Czech Republic

Spatial and temporal occurrence of Rhabdostyla cf. chironomi Kahl, 1933 (Ciliophora, Peritrichia) as an epibiont on chironomid larvae in a lotic system in the neotropics

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