Parasite diversity in Oxydoras niger (Osteichthyes: Doradidae) from the basin of Solimões River, Amazonas state, Brazil, and the relationship between monogenoidean and condition factor

Abstract

This study describes the parasitic fauna of Oxydoras niger from the Coari Lake, tributary of the medium Solimões River, State of Amazonas, Brazil, and the relationship between the number of Monogenoidea and the condition factor. From a total of 27 examined fish, 70.3% were parasitised by at least one parasite species as follows: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Chilodonella sp. (Protozoa), Cosmetocleithrum gussevi, C. confusus, C. parvum and Cosmetocleithrum sp. (Monogenoidea), Paracavisona impudica (Acanthocephala), Cucullanus grandistomis (Nematoda), Proteocephalus kuyukuyu (Cestoda) and Dadaytrema sp. (Digenea). Monogenoidea helminthes were the most prevalent parasite when compared to protozoan and intestinal helminthes. This study showed that O. niger has a great parasite diversity composed mainly of monogenoideans followed by acanthocephalan and digenean. This is the first record of Dadaytrema in O. niger from the Brazilian Amazon. There was a positive correlation between the number of monogenoideans and the condition factor (Kn) of fish, and with this mean intensity of infection, fish welfare was not affected.Keywords: Amazon, freshwater fish, infection, Monogenoidea, condition factor. Palavras-chave: Amazônia, peixe de água doce, infecção, Monogenoidea, fator de condição. Diversidade de parasitos em

Monogenea (Platyhelminthes) parasites from the gills of Hoplias aff. malabaricus (Bloch, 1794) (Pisces: Erythrinidae) in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

“…Cosmetocleithrum bulbocirrus was described parasitizing gills of Pterodoras granulosus also collected at Lake Janauacá in Manaus. This parasite also was registered in Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 1821) by Silva et al (2011) Rosim et al (2011) registered Dactylogyridae gen. sp. in Hoplias aff.…”

Ectoparasites community in Satanoperca jurupari (Cichlidae) from the Jari River, a tributary from Amazon River in Northern Brazil

“…The interaction between biotic and abiotic factors is essential for the composition and structure of parasite communities (MORAND et al, 2002;SILVA et al, 2011;ACOSTA et al, 2013;COSTA-PEREIRA et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA et al, 2016;TAVARES-DIAS et al, 2017). Therefore, due to the complex parasite-host-environment interaction, initially, the parasites attempt to establish themselves in the host while the host resists the infection via its immune defense mechanisms (SILVA et al, 2011;ROHLENOVÁ et al, 2011). Consequently, host susceptibility and resistance will determine whether the infection becomes established in wild host populations.…”

“…For protozoans and monogenoideans, some characteristics may facilitate the transmission and their establishment in fish; e.g., environmental conditions and sedentary behavior of S. jurupari. Such ectoparasites with a direct life cycle are more easily found in lentic environments, since it is less difficult for their infective forms to reach the hosts in this type of environment (DOGEL et al, 1961;SILVA et al, 2011;ACOSTA et al, 2013;BITTENCOURT et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA et al, 2016). Moreover, both ectoparasites taxa are also known to proliferate in eutrophic environments (VIDAL-MARTÍNEZ et al, 2010;SILVA et al, 2011;ACOSTA et al, 2013;BITTENCOURT et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA et al, 2016), which enables more exchange of parasites among the hosts.…”

“…Among the ecological traits of the hosts, size, age, diet, trophic level, life style, body condition, schooling behavior, population size and density, and geographical distribution range have been recognized as factors influencing richness and diversity of the parasite communities in fish population (POULIN & FITZGERALD, 1987;ROHDE et al, 1995;MARQUES & CABRAL, 2007;LONGSHAW et al, 2010;SILVA et al, 2011;ACOSTA et al, 2013;COSTA-PEREIRA et al, 2014;OLIVEIRA et al, 2016). Water quality, habitat, season, temperature, geographic range, dissolved oxygen levels, etc., are among environmental factors that have been considered as key determinants that influence the richness and diversity of the parasite communities in fish populations (MORAND et al, 2002;LONGSHAW et al, 2010;SILVA et al, 2011, ACOSTA et al, 2013BITTENCOURT et al, 2014;COSTA-PEREIRA et al, 2014).…”

“…Water quality, habitat, season, temperature, geographic range, dissolved oxygen levels, etc., are among environmental factors that have been considered as key determinants that influence the richness and diversity of the parasite communities in fish populations (MORAND et al, 2002;LONGSHAW et al, 2010;SILVA et al, 2011, ACOSTA et al, 2013BITTENCOURT et al, 2014;COSTA-PEREIRA et al, 2014). Therefore, the interaction between hosts and ectoparasites in fish populations is highly complex, and dynamic ecological systems resulting from these interactions of multiple factors may act together or not.…”