Paraneoplastic Neurologic Disorders

Alternative Splicing Microarrays Reveal Functional Expression of Neuron-specific Regulators in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells

“…Ectopic expression of Nova proteins was originally reported in lung and breast tumors, leading to the production of autoantibodies that are thought to be the cause for the subsequent development of motor disorders in these patients (26,27). Our microarray analyses revealed expression of Nova-1 and -2 in some Hodgkin cell lines, observations that were independently confirmed and extended to other Hodgkin cell lines and tumor samples (Fig.…”

Alternative Splicing Microarrays Reveal Functional Expression of Neuron-specific Regulators in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells

“…Ectopic expression of Nova proteins was originally reported in lung and breast tumors, leading to the production of autoantibodies that are thought to be the cause for the subsequent development of motor disorders in these patients (26,27). Our microarray analyses revealed expression of Nova-1 and -2 in some Hodgkin cell lines, observations that were independently confirmed and extended to other Hodgkin cell lines and tumor samples (Fig.…”

Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

“…A variety of tumors, but not normal healthy tissue, express high levels of myositis autoantigens. As with the PND model ( 10 , 11 ), in which autoantigen expression in tumors is almost universal but immune responses occur in only a minority of patients (<15%), we propose that an effective, adaptive cytolytic antitumor immune response develops infrequently and is directed against a group of antigens shared with immature or regenerating muscle cells. Because normal muscle contains very low levels of myositis autoantigens at baseline and does not express MHC class I ( 49 ), healthy muscle is not targeted by the antitumor immune response.…”

“…The antibody–phenotype association is reminiscent of a variety of paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes, where autoantibody and T cell responses target autoantigens that are limited in expression to the inciting tumor and the target organ ( 10 , 11 ). For example, expression of the (neuro-oncological ventral antigen) NOVA antigens is increased in tumor tissue from patients with the clinically distinct paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia ( 12 ), and expression of NOVA in adults is restricted to neuronal tissue ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in platinum-responsive endometrial cancer: A case report and review of literature

“…A few years ago, Kroemer et al first characterized the immunogenic cell death (ICD), an immunostimulatory type of apoptosis, initiated by some chemotherapeutic agents (most commonly anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and platinum compounds), whereas the release of antigenic material expressed by dying tumor cells triggers an adaptive immune response, improving the overall antineoplastic efficacy ( Dudek et al, 2013 , Ghiringhelli et al, 2009 , Schiavoni et al, 2011 , McGranahan et al, 2016 ). Finally, it has also been described that apoptotic tumor cells yield a potent mean of antigen transfer to dendritic cells, which migrate to local draining lymph nodes and activate cytotoxic, CDR2-specific CD8 T lymphocytes, thus generating an antigen-specific immunity ( Albert et al, 2000 , Darnell, 2004 ).…”

Alternative Splicing Microarrays Reveal Functional Expression of Neuron-specific Regulators in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells

“…Ectopic expression of Nova proteins was originally reported in lung and breast tumors, leading to the production of autoantibodies that are thought to be the cause for the subsequent development of motor disorders in these patients (26,27). Our microarray analyses revealed expression of Nova-1 and -2 in some Hodgkin cell lines, observations that were independently confirmed and extended to other Hodgkin cell lines and tumor samples (Fig.…”

Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

“…A variety of tumors, but not normal healthy tissue, express high levels of myositis autoantigens. As with the PND model ( 10 , 11 ), in which autoantigen expression in tumors is almost universal but immune responses occur in only a minority of patients (<15%), we propose that an effective, adaptive cytolytic antitumor immune response develops infrequently and is directed against a group of antigens shared with immature or regenerating muscle cells. Because normal muscle contains very low levels of myositis autoantigens at baseline and does not express MHC class I ( 49 ), healthy muscle is not targeted by the antitumor immune response.…”

“…The antibody–phenotype association is reminiscent of a variety of paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes, where autoantibody and T cell responses target autoantigens that are limited in expression to the inciting tumor and the target organ ( 10 , 11 ). For example, expression of the (neuro-oncological ventral antigen) NOVA antigens is increased in tumor tissue from patients with the clinically distinct paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia ( 12 ), and expression of NOVA in adults is restricted to neuronal tissue ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in platinum-responsive endometrial cancer: A case report and review of literature

“…A few years ago, Kroemer et al first characterized the immunogenic cell death (ICD), an immunostimulatory type of apoptosis, initiated by some chemotherapeutic agents (most commonly anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and platinum compounds), whereas the release of antigenic material expressed by dying tumor cells triggers an adaptive immune response, improving the overall antineoplastic efficacy ( Dudek et al, 2013 , Ghiringhelli et al, 2009 , Schiavoni et al, 2011 , McGranahan et al, 2016 ). Finally, it has also been described that apoptotic tumor cells yield a potent mean of antigen transfer to dendritic cells, which migrate to local draining lymph nodes and activate cytotoxic, CDR2-specific CD8 T lymphocytes, thus generating an antigen-specific immunity ( Albert et al, 2000 , Darnell, 2004 ).…”

Alternative Splicing Microarrays Reveal Functional Expression of Neuron-specific Regulators in Hodgkin Lymphoma Cells

“…Ectopic expression of Nova proteins was originally reported in lung and breast tumors, leading to the production of autoantibodies that are thought to be the cause for the subsequent development of motor disorders in these patients (26,27). Our microarray analyses revealed expression of Nova-1 and -2 in some Hodgkin cell lines, observations that were independently confirmed and extended to other Hodgkin cell lines and tumor samples (Fig.…”

Enhanced autoantigen expression in regenerating muscle cells in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy

“…A variety of tumors, but not normal healthy tissue, express high levels of myositis autoantigens. As with the PND model ( 10 , 11 ), in which autoantigen expression in tumors is almost universal but immune responses occur in only a minority of patients (<15%), we propose that an effective, adaptive cytolytic antitumor immune response develops infrequently and is directed against a group of antigens shared with immature or regenerating muscle cells. Because normal muscle contains very low levels of myositis autoantigens at baseline and does not express MHC class I ( 49 ), healthy muscle is not targeted by the antitumor immune response.…”

“…The antibody–phenotype association is reminiscent of a variety of paraneoplastic autoimmune syndromes, where autoantibody and T cell responses target autoantigens that are limited in expression to the inciting tumor and the target organ ( 10 , 11 ). For example, expression of the (neuro-oncological ventral antigen) NOVA antigens is increased in tumor tissue from patients with the clinically distinct paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia ( 12 ), and expression of NOVA in adults is restricted to neuronal tissue ( 13 , 14 ).…”

Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration in platinum-responsive endometrial cancer: A case report and review of literature

“…A few years ago, Kroemer et al first characterized the immunogenic cell death (ICD), an immunostimulatory type of apoptosis, initiated by some chemotherapeutic agents (most commonly anthracyclines, alkylating agents, and platinum compounds), whereas the release of antigenic material expressed by dying tumor cells triggers an adaptive immune response, improving the overall antineoplastic efficacy ( Dudek et al, 2013 , Ghiringhelli et al, 2009 , Schiavoni et al, 2011 , McGranahan et al, 2016 ). Finally, it has also been described that apoptotic tumor cells yield a potent mean of antigen transfer to dendritic cells, which migrate to local draining lymph nodes and activate cytotoxic, CDR2-specific CD8 T lymphocytes, thus generating an antigen-specific immunity ( Albert et al, 2000 , Darnell, 2004 ).…”