“…This focus is mainly based on the search for best practices and universal strategies to successfully implement these programs, and marginalizes broader impacts of these reforms. Since ICT enabled public sector reforms involve the deployment of a complex ICT infrastructure to redesign public sector organizations, they face a number of risks in relation to implementation, project management, and policy (Fountain, 2001b;Heeks, 1999;Snellen & van de Donk, 1998), none of which can be managed on the basis of universal best practices and strategies. Accordingly, ICT developments in the public sector should pay more attention to the complexities of their implementation, with particular focus on the potential consequences of the transformation of the relationship between the citizens and the state regarding shared expectations about the actions of the government.…”