Paracoccus zeaxanthinifaciens sp. nov., a zeaxanthin-producing bacterium

Wang

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

et al. 2008

An aerobic bacterial isolate, strain HN-182 T , was isolated from sediments of the South China Sea. Cells of strain T are coccoid to short rods, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming and non-motile. Strain HN-182 T is heterotrophic and grows well on marine broth (Difco 2216), and is not capable of growing autotrophically on reduced sulfur. Grows at temperatures ranging from 7 to 42 6C (optimum at 25 6C), but not at 4 or 45 6C, and at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum at pH 7.0), but not at pH 4.5 or 9.5. NaCl is required for growth [0.5-8.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccus halophilus sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of the South China Sea, China, and emended description of genus Paracoccus Davis 1969

Wang

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

et al. 2008

“…The zeaxanthin-hyperproducing bacterium that was formerly classified as Flavobacterium sp. strain R1534 has recently been reported to be the mutant of P. zeaxanthinifaciens ATCC 21588, as taxonomically reevaluated by Berry et al (6). Note that all of the other bacteria, except for the genus Pantoea of the ␥-Proteobacteria, belong to the ␣-Proteobacteria.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Elucidation of a Carotenoid Biosynthesis Gene Cluster Encoding a Novel Enzyme, 2,2′-β-Hydroxylase, from Brevundimonas sp. Strain SD212 and Combinatorial Biosynthesis of New or Rare Xanthophylls

Nishida

Adachi

Kasai

et al. 2005

Appl Environ Microbiol

A carotenoid biosynthesis gene cluster mediating the production of 2-hydroxyastaxanthin was isolated from the marine bacterium Brevundimonas sp. strain SD212 by using a common crtI sequence as the probe DNA. A sequence analysis revealed this cluster to contain 12 open reading frames (ORFs), including the 7 known genes, crtW, crtY, crtI, crtB, crtE, idi, and crtZ. The individual ORFs were functionally analyzed by complementation studies using Escherichia coli that accumulated various carotenoid precursors due to the presence of other bacterial crt genes. In addition to functionally identifying the known crt genes, we found that one (ORF11, named crtG) coded for a novel enzyme, carotenoid 2,2-␤-hydroxylase, which showed intriguingly partial homology with animal sterol-C5-desaturase. When this crtG gene was introduced into E. coli accumulating zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin, the resulting transformants produced their 2-hydroxylated and 2,2-dihydroxylated products which were structurally novel or rare xanthophylls, as determined by their nuclear magnetic resonance and high-performance liquid chromatography/photodiode array detector/atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry spectral data. The new carotenoid produced was suggested to have a strong inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation.Carotenoid pigments, which are included in a majority of vegetables, a variety of fruits, and a certain part of edible fish and shellfish, have attracted strong attention due to their beneficial effects on human health, e.g., their very likely prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular ailments, and age-related macular degeneration (7,12,27,36). A number of studies on carotenoids in relation to their health benefits, ranging from basic studies using experimental animals to clinical and epidemiological studies, have revealed that each carotenoid has characteristic individuality. For example, recent epidemiological studies have shown that ␤-cryptoxanthin (3-hydroxy-␤-carotene), among dietary carotenoids, is associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer (24, 56), whereas supplemental ␤-carotene has been observed to have either no effect or even a harmful effect on lung cancer risk (2, 24). Epidemiological and clinical studies have also shown that only lycopene, among dietary carotenoids, was inversely associated with prostate cancer risk (16, 51). Supplemental lutein and zeaxanthin are thought to protect against the development or progression of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases from the results of many studies (28,45). Astaxanthin has been shown to inhibit the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (20).Xanthophylls are modified carotenes with various oxygencontaining functional groups, which constitute a major part of structurally and functionally diverse carotenoid pigments.More than 700 carotenoids have now been isolated from natural sources (8), and evaluating the pharmaceutical potential of various carotenoids with different structures could be an exciting field for medical resea...

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLO

“…Gelatin, urea and aesculin are hydrolysed, but casein, starch, CM-cellulose, pectin, tyrosine and Tweens 20, 40 and 80 are not. Enzyme activities (tested in the API ZYM system) are observed for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, trypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phospho- (Berry et al, 2003); 4, P. carotinifaciens IFO 16121 T (Tsubokura et al, 1999); 5, P. haeundaensis KCCM 10460 T (Lee et al, 2004); 6, P. marcusii DSM 11574 T (Harker et al, 1998); 7, P. seriniphilus DSM 14827 T (Pukall et al, 2003). ND, No data available.…”

Section: Description Of Paracoccus Saliphilus Sp Novmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline soil

Wang

Tang

Lou

et al. 2009

A Gram-negative, coccoid to short rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM 90738 T , was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, northwest China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The strain was non-motile and grew at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), 10-55 6C (optimal growth at 37 6C) and salinities of 1-15 % NaCl (w/v, optimal growth at 8 % NaCl). Ubiquinone 10 was detected as the major respiratory quinone. The cellular fatty acid profile had C 18 : 1 v7c (80.4 % of the total) as the major component, similar to those of members of the genus Paracoccus. The nearest phylogenetic neighbour of strain YIM 90738 T was the type strain of Paracoccus homiensis, as determined by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (97.5 % similarity). The level of DNA-DNA relatedness between P. homiensis DSM 17862 T and strain YIM 90738 T was 51.5 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain YIM 90738 T was 60.3 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and its genotypic distinctiveness, strain YIM 90738 T (5CCTCC AB 206074 T 5KCTC 22163 T ) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, Paracoccus saliphilus sp. nov. et al. (1969). At the time of writing, the genus comprised 26 recognized species. Owing to the physiological versatility of members of the genus, the description of the genus Paracoccus has been emended several times (Ludwig et al., 1993;Katayama et al., 1995;Liu et al., 2008). The most recently described species at the time of writing are Paracoccus halophilus (Liu et al., 2008) and Paracoccus marinus (Khan et al., 2008). Species of the genus are characterized as Gram-negative and catalase-and oxidasepositive, with high metabolic versatility, being halophilic or halotolerant, having a large amount of C 18 : 1 v7c and having ubiquinone 10 as the major isoprenoid quinone. A moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain YIM 90738 T , was isolated from a saline soil sample and is shown here to represent a novel species of the genus Paracoccus. The genus Paracoccus Davis 1969 was proposed by DavisStrain YIM 90738 T was isolated from a saline soil sample taken from the edge of the Ebinur Lake wetland natural reserve, which is located in the arid area of north-west Xinjiang province, north-west China; the wetland forms the lowest part of the west Junggar Basin. The sampling site is at 44 u 349 070 N 83 u 449 250 E. The major ion components of the soil (g l 21 ) were Na + (35.00), K + (0.48 g), Ca 2+ (0.38), Mg 2+ (4.73), Cl 2 (38.01), SO 2{ 4 (40.34) and HCO { 3 (0.32). Strain YIM 90738 T was isolated on modified ISP 5 medium by using the routine dilution plating method; the medium contained (per litre distilled water) 1 g L-asparagine, 10 g glycerol, 5 g yeast extract, 1 g K 2 HPO 4 , 5 g KNO 3 , 100 g NaCl and 15 g agar. The medium was adjusted to pH 7.5. Colonies were picked and repeatedly restreaked onto modified ISP 5 medium until purity was confirmed.Strain YIM 90738 T was cultivated on modified ISP 5 med...