Paper Microfluidics Goes Digital

Fobel, Ryan; Kirby, Andrea E.; Ng, Alphonsus H. C.; Farnood, Ramin; Wheeler, Aaron R.

doi:10.1002/adma.201305168

Cited by 119 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Of course, to further validate the diagnostic performance of the new method, additional testing must be performed in countries such as Vietnam, where rubella has not been introduced into the national immunization program (45 ). Nevertheless, these initial results suggest that a portable DMF-based system, perhaps combined with inexpensive, paper devices (29 ), may represent a useful new tool for identification of patients at risk for CRS in low-resource settings. More generally, we propose that similar methods might be useful for distributed diagnostics for a wide range of infectious diseases.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Diagnostic Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In ongoing work, we are developing next-generation systems that may be suitable for portable testing in the field [i.e., low cost, user friendly, battery-powered, and compact (39 )]. These new designs will likely benefit from the development of low-cost device fabrication methods (29 ), simple instrumentation (30,31 ), and integrated electrochemical sensors (40,41 ).…”

Section: Digital Microfluidic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DMF systems actuate droplets through the application of electrical potentials on a generic array of insulated electrodes-a format that enables software-reconfigurable, concurrent droplet operations including merging, mixing, splitting, and metering from reservoirs (28 ). DMF devices can be cost-effectively fabricated on paper by inkjet printing (29 ) and can be operated with simple and compact instrumentation (30,31 ) with no need for pumps, interconnects, valves, or fittings. Although these advantages have motivated the development of DMF-powered immunoassays for smallmolecule and protein biomarkers (32)(33)(34)(35), we are not aware of DMF immunoassays being used for diagnosis of infectious diseases.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Rubella Infection and Immunity: A Proof of Concept

Lee

Choi

et al. 2015

Clinical Chemistry

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BACKGROUND:Whereas disease surveillance for infectious diseases such as rubella is important, it is critical to identify pregnant women at risk of passing rubella to their offspring, which can be fatal and can result in congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). The traditional centralized model for diagnosing rubella is cost-prohibitive in resource-limited settings, representing a major obstacle to the prevention of CRS. As a step toward decentralized diagnostic systems, we developed a proof-of-concept digital microfluidic (DMF) diagnostic platform that possesses the flexibility and performance of automated immunoassay platforms used in central facilities, but with a form factor the size of a shoebox.

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Section: Evaluation Of Diagnostic Accuracymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Digital Microfluidic Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Digital Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Rubella Infection and Immunity: A Proof of Concept

Lee

Choi

et al. 2015

Clinical Chemistry

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“…Electrowetting on a dielectric (EWOD) is one the actuation techniques used to manipulate the droplets in both open and closed DMF devices [29]. DMF chips can be fabricated by several methods such as photolithography [30], inkjet printing, and rapid prototyping on paper substrates [31][32][33]. Open and closed DMF systems may each offer some advantages and disadvantages for different applications.…”

Section: Chip Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Portable Smartphone Controlled Integrated Digital Microfluidic System in a 3D-Printed Modular Assembly

et al. 2015

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Portable sensors and biomedical devices are influenced by the recent advances in microfluidics technologies, compact fabrication techniques, improved detection limits and enhanced analysis capabilities. This paper reports the development of an integrated ultraportable, low-cost, and modular digital microfluidic (DMF) system and its successful integration with a smartphone used as a high-level controller and post processing station. Low power and cost effective electronic circuits are designed to generate the high voltages required for DMF operations in both open and closed configurations (from 100 to 800 V). The smartphone in turn commands a microcontroller that manipulate the voltage signals required for droplet actuation in the DMF chip and communicates wirelessly with the microcontroller via Bluetooth module. Moreover, the smartphone acts as a detection and image analysis station with an attached microscopic lens. The holder assembly is fabricated using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to facilitate rapid prototyping. The holder features a modular design that enables convenient attachment/detachment of a variety of DMF chips to/from an electrical busbar. The electrical circuits, controller and communication system are designed to minimize the power consumption in order to run the device on small lithium ion batteries. Successful controlled DMF operations and a basic colorimetric assay using the smartphone are demonstrated.

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“…One option is paper-based microfluidic devices, which have emerged as a simple and low-cost microfluidic paradigm that eliminates the need for external pumps. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Recent studies further proposed schemes to improve the fluid handling accuracy of paper-based microfluidic devices. 8,9 Other "passive" pumping mechanisms for microfluidic devices include "degas driven flows", 10,11 capillary pumps, 12,13 finger-powered hydrodynamic flows 14 and punch-card based programmable microfluidic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger-powered electrophoretic transport of discrete droplets for portable digital microfluidics

Cheng

Wang

2016

Lab Chip

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We report a finger-powered digital microfluidic device based on the electrophoretic transport of discrete droplets (EPD). An array of piezoelectric elements is connected in parallel to metal electrodes immersed in dielectric fluids. When deflected in a controlled sequence via human finger power, the piezoelectric elements charge and actuate droplets across each electrode pair through electrophoretic force. Successful droplet transportation requires the piezoelectric elements to provide both sufficient charge and voltage pulse duration. We quantify these requirements using numerical models to predict the electrical charges induced on the droplets and the corresponding electrophoretic forces. The models are experimentally validated by comparing the predicted and measured droplet translational velocities. We successfully demonstrated transport and merging of aqueous droplets over a range of droplet radii (0.6-0.9 mm). We further showed direct manipulation of body fluids, including droplets of saliva and urine, using our finger-powered EPD device. To facilitate practical implementation of multistep assays based on the approach, a hand/finger-rotated drum system with a programmable pattern of protrusions is designed to induce deflections of multiple piezoelectric elements and demonstrate programmable fluidic functions. An electrode-topiezoelectric element connection scheme to minimize the number of piezoelectric elements necessary for a sequence of microfluidic functions is also explored. The present work establishes an engineering foundation to enable design and implementation of finger-powered portable EPD microfluidic devices.

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Paper Microfluidics Goes Digital

Cited by 119 publications

References 28 publications

Digital Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Rubella Infection and Immunity: A Proof of Concept

Digital Microfluidic Platform for the Detection of Rubella Infection and Immunity: A Proof of Concept

Ultra-Portable Smartphone Controlled Integrated Digital Microfluidic System in a 3D-Printed Modular Assembly

Finger-powered electrophoretic transport of discrete droplets for portable digital microfluidics

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