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Cited by 119 publications
(71 citation statements)
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References 129 publications
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“…Unexplained dyspnea is one of the hallmarks of panic disorder (117), and clustering of suffocating, smothering, and air hunger has been observed in patients with panic disorder (118)(119)(120) in response to breath-holding and CO 2 rebreathing (120) or challenge (119). Panic disorder is more common in patients with COPD than in the general population (121)(122)(123), but similar clustering of descriptors has been reported in patients with idiopathic hyperventilation (113) who do not have cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular disease.…”
Section: Qualities Of Dyspneamentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Unexplained dyspnea is one of the hallmarks of panic disorder (117), and clustering of suffocating, smothering, and air hunger has been observed in patients with panic disorder (118)(119)(120) in response to breath-holding and CO 2 rebreathing (120) or challenge (119). Panic disorder is more common in patients with COPD than in the general population (121)(122)(123), but similar clustering of descriptors has been reported in patients with idiopathic hyperventilation (113) who do not have cardiopulmonary or neuromuscular disease.…”
Section: Qualities Of Dyspneamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Factors such as excessive ventilatory drive or impaired perception of achieved ventilation may play a role. There also may be a role for increased sensitivity to CO 2 (which may, in turn, have a component of genetic predisposition) or excessive response to cerebral alkalosis or hypoxia due to hyperventilation-induced hypocapnia (118,124).…”
Section: Qualities Of Dyspneamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…(12) Hyperventilation can therefore be considered a cause, a correlate and a consequence of panic attacks. (1,11) Acute hyperventilation can produce anesthesia, paresthesia, ataxia, tremor, tinnitus, cold extremities, palmar hyperhidrosis, giddiness, loss of consciousness, visual disturbances, headache and chest pain. (10) There is therefore symptom overlap between panic disorder and hyperventilation syndrome, since panic attacks include most of these symptoms, together with others, such as breathlessness, feeling of choking, nausea, derealization (an alteration in the perception or experience of the external world that makes it seem strange or unreal), depersonalization (an alteration in the perception or experience that causes a feeling of detachment from the mental processes or the body), fear of dying and fear of losing control.…”
Section: Hyperventilation Syndromementioning
confidence: 99%
“…(1,3,29) Panic attacks are thought to originate from an abnormally sensitive fear network, centered in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CNA). The sensory input for the conditioned fear stimulus runs through the anterior thalamus to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala, thence to the CNA, where all the information is gathered and the autonomic and behavioral responses are coordinated.…”
Section: Hyperventilationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Respiratory disturbances are an established sign of panic disorder (see Ref. 25 for review). Sudden arousing acoustic stimuli produce rapid and dramatic increase in respiratory rate in humans (27).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%