PandaX: a liquid xenon dark matter experiment at CJPL

Cao, X. G.; Chen, Xun; Chen, Yunhua; Cui, X. F.; Fang, Deqing; Fu, Changbo; Giboni, Karl; Gong, H.; Guo, GuoDong; He, Ming; Hu, J. F.; Huang, X. T.; Ji, Xiangdong; Ju, Yonglin; Li, Shaoli; Lin, Q.; Liu, HuaXuan; Liu, JiangLai; Liu, Xiang; Lorenzon, W.; Ma, Yugang; Mao, Y.; Ni, K.; Pushkin, K.; Ren, Xiangxiang; Schubnell, M.; Shen, ManBing; Shi, Yunchao; Stephenson, S.; Tan, Andi; Tarlè, G.; Wang, Hongwei; Wang, JiMing; Wang, Meng; Wang, Xüming; Wang, Zhou; Wei, Y.; Wu, Shiyong; Xiao, M.; Xiao, Xiang; Xie, Pengwei; Tao, Ye; You, Yinghui; Zen, XiongHui; Zhang, Hua; Zhang, Tao; Zhao, Haiying; Zhao, Li; Zhou, Xiaopeng; Zhu, Zhonghua

doi:10.1007/s11433-014-5521-2

Cited by 130 publications

(124 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In Table 6, we show the screening results normalized by active PMT photocathode area, and compare these with previous versions and other PMT types used in liquid xenon experiments. We remark that the R11410-10 activities obtained by the LUX collaboration [25] are slightly lower than those measured by the PandaX [14] and the XENON collaborations for the same version of the tube. The R8520 sensor is a 1-inch square tube employed in the XENON100 experiment [5] and the R8778 is a 2-inch cylindrical tube operated in the LUX detector [8].…”

Section: Measurements Of Pmt Batchescontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…These data are compared with results from older R11410 versions, as well as from other PMT types employed in liquid xenon detectors. The R8520 PMT is employed in XENON100 [5] and PandaX [14], the R8778 PMT is used in the LUX detector [8], and the R11410-10 version in the PandaX experiment [14]. Table 2 Inferred upper limits on the various isotopes are thus not used to calculate the relative contributions.…”

Section: Discussion and Impact On The Xenon1t Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) were shown to cause a major contribution to the electronic recoil background from detector materials in the XENON100 [10] and LUX [12] experiments. Other current and planned experiments based on xenon as a detection medium for rare-event searches are XMASS [13], PandaX [14], LZ [15], DAR-WIN [16][17][18], NEXT [19] and EXO [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Aprile¹,

Agostini²,

Alfonsi³

et al. 2015

Eur. Phys. J. C

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The low-background, VUV-sensitive 3-inch diameter photomultiplier tube R11410 has been developed by Hamamatsu for dark matter direct detection experiments using liquid xenon as the target material. We present the results from the joint effort between the XENON collaboration and the Hamamatsu company to produce a highly radiopure photosensor (version R11410-21) for the XENON1T dark matter experiment. After introducing the photosensor and its components, we show the methods and results of the radioactive contamination measurements of the individual 123 546 Page 2 of 10 Eur. Phys. J. C (2015) 75 :546 materials employed in the photomultiplier production. We then discuss the adopted strategies to reduce the radioactivity of the various PMT versions. Finally, we detail the results from screening 286 tubes with ultra-low background germanium detectors, as well as their implications for the expected electronic and nuclear recoil background of the XENON1T experiment.

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Section: Measurements Of Pmt Batchescontrasting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussion and Impact On The Xenon1t Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Aprile¹,

Agostini²,

Alfonsi³

et al. 2015

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…The next generation of dual-phase detectors, namely LZ, XENON1T/XENONnT [75] and PandaX-II/PandaX-xT [76], will be bigger than LUX while having a smaller background rate. We focus on sensitivity projections for LZ because it has the most detailed design and performance studies [39,77].…”

Section: Lz Sensitivity Projectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New constraints and discovery potential of sub-GeV dark matter with xenon detectors

McCabe

2017

Phys. Rev. D

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Existing xenon dark matter (DM) direct detection experiments can probe the DM-nucleon interaction of DM with a sub-GeV mass through a search for photon emission from the recoiling xenon atom. We show that LUX's constraints on sub-GeV DM, which utilise the scintillation (S1) and ionisation (S2) signals, are approximately three orders of magnitude more stringent than previous xenon constraints in this mass range, derived from the XENON10 and XENON100 S2-only searches. The new LUX constraints provide the most stringent direct detection constraints for DM particles with a mass below 0.5 GeV. In addition, the photon emission signal in LUX and its successor LZ maintain the discrimination between background and signal events so that an unambiguous discovery of sub-GeV DM is possible. We show that LZ has the potential to reconstruct the DM mass with 20% accuracy for particles lighter than 0.5 GeV.

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“…One of the most effective technologies for the direct detection of dark matter is the two-phase xenon (Xe) time projection chamber (TPC) [8][9][10][11][12]. Xenon has low intrinsic radiological backgrounds since it has no long-lived isotopes other than the extremely long-lived 136 Xe isotope, which undergoes double-beta decay with a half-life of 2.1 × 10 21 yr [13,14] and, at the low energies relevant to WIMP detection, produces a background rate of events that is small in comparison to the electron scattering of solar neutrinos [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment

Akerib¹,

Alsum²,

Araújo³

et al. 2018

Phys. Rev. D

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The LUX experiment has performed searches for dark-matter particles scattering elastically on xenon nuclei, leading to stringent upper limits on the nuclear scattering cross sections for dark matter. Here, for results derived from 1.4 × 10 4 kg days of target exposure in 2013, details of the calibration, event-reconstruction, modeling, and statistical tests that underlie the results are presented. Detector performance is characterized, including measured efficiencies, stability of response, position resolution, and discrimination between electron-and nuclear-recoil populations. Models are developed for the drift field, optical properties, background populations, the electron-and nuclear-recoil responses, and the absolute rate of low-energy background events. Innovations in the analysis include in situ measurement of the photomultipliers' response to xenon scintillation photons, verification of fiducial mass with a low-energy internal calibration source, and new empirical models for low-energy signal yield based on large-sample, in situ calibrations.

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PandaX: a liquid xenon dark matter experiment at CJPL

Cited by 130 publications

References 28 publications

Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment

Lowering the radioactivity of the photomultiplier tubes for the XENON1T dark matter experiment

New constraints and discovery potential of sub-GeV dark matter with xenon detectors

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment

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