Pancreato‐biliary endoscopy: History of endoscopic biliary drainage

Abstract

B ILIARY DRAINAGE BEGAN with the percutaneous technique. Initially, percutaneous cholangiography was performed before surgery. Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was first reported by Kaplan, who put in place PTBD for 48 h in 1961. However, this method was not to become the standard. The two-step puncture method of PTBD was developed by Takada et al. and reported in the Medical Journal of Tokyo Woman's University in 1972 and in an international journal in 1976. 1 This technique was widely accepted as the first-line biliary drainage method. The first endoscopic external drainage case was reported in Japan in 1974 by Kurachi et al., 2 as an abstract at the second study meeting of the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In 1975, Nagai et al. 3 reported the results of a nasal drainage tube placement in the pancreatic and bile ducts. This was the first instance of endoscopic biliary and pancreatic drainage.The first plastic stent (PS) placement in the bile duct was reported by Soehendra et al. 4 However, they did not use the term stent. Endoscopic biliary drainage was accepted as a standard biliary drainage method after a comparative study with surgical and percutaneous biliary drainage. The endoscopic procedure was of low invasiveness. Surgical biliary bypass and percutaneous biliary drainage showed longer patency than endoscopic stenting. However, many physicians selected endoscopy because of its low invasiveness, low incidence of complications, short procedure time, and short hospital stay.

EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage after failed ERCP: A propensity score-matched analysis

“…Common reasons for failure to achieve deep biliary cannulation include surgically altered anatomy, gastric outlet obstruction, or papillary distortion. First reported in 1961, percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has become the traditional rescue therapy due to high technical success and widespread availability [2,3,4]. However, PTBD has several distinct disadvantages which include moderately EUS-guided hepaticogastrostomy versus percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage after failed ERCP: A propensity score-matched analysis high adverse event rates (20% to 30%), frequent reinterventions, and decreased patient quality of life [1,5].…”